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==Vowels==
When dictionaries give alternate pronunciations, they may mean that people disagree. For example, some people pronounce ''bath'' {{IPA|/ˈbæθ/}}, with the vowel of ''bat,'' while others pronounce it {{IPA|/ˈbɑːθ/}}, with the vowel of ''bra.'' On Wikipedia, we would normally need to transcribe both. However, often variant transcriptions reflect distinctions between accents, and these we do not need to transcribe, since our IPA key already covers such distinctions. For example, dictionary.com transcribes ''horse'' as "{{IPA|/hɔrs/}}" and ''hoarse'' as "{{IPA|/hɔrs, hoʊrs/}}". This is meant to show that some people pronounce ''hoarse'' the same as ''horse;'' it does ''not'' mean that there is disagreement as how to pronounce the word among those who make the distinction. Therefore on Wikipedia the distinct pronunciation would suffice: ''horse'' {{IPA|/ˈhɔrs/}}, ''hoarse'' {{IPA|/ˈhɔərs/}}. Since the IPA key defines the conventions {{IPA|/ɔr/}} and {{IPA|/ɔər/}} according to basic English words, readers who do not make the distinction will see them as being equivalent, much as the spelling pronunciations ''YOU-clid'' and ''EWE-clid'' for Euclid would be seen as equivalent.
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
! colspan="4"| [[Vowel]]s
|-
! IPA !! Traditional [[monophthong]]s !! colspan="2" | [[R-colored vowel]]s<ref> In [[Rhotic and non-rhotic accents|non-rhotic accent]]s such as RP, {{IPA|/r/}} not pronounced unless followed by a vowel. In Wikipedia articles, {{IPA|/ɪər/}} ''etc.'' are not always distinguished from {{IPA|/ɪr/}} ''etc.'' When they are, the long vowels may be transcribed {{IPA|/iːr/}} ''etc.'' by analogy with vowels not followed by {{IPA|/r/}}.</ref>
|-
|<big>{{IPA|æ}}</big>
| align=left|b'''a'''t, b'''a'''d, sh'''a'''ll, b'''a'''n
|<big>{{IPA|ær}}</big>
| align=left|b'''arr'''ow, m'''arr'''y
|-
|<big>{{IPA|ɑː}}</big>
| align=left|b'''a'''lm, f'''a'''ther, br'''a'''
|<big>{{IPA|ɑr}}</big>
| align=left|b'''ar''', m'''ar''', p'''ar'''ty, st'''arr'''ing ({{IPA|/ɑːr./}})
|-
|<big>{{IPA|ɒ}}</big>
| align=left|b'''o'''t, p'''o'''d, J'''oh'''n, d'''o'''ll<ref>/{{IPA|ɒ}}/ is not distinguished from {{IPA|/ɑː/}} in dialects with the [[Phonological history of English low back vowels|father-bother merger]] such as GenAm.</ref>
|<big>{{IPA|ɒr}}</big>
| align=left|m'''or'''al, f'''or'''age
|-
| <big> {{IPA|ɔː}}
| align=left |b'''aw'''d, c'''augh'''t, d'''aw'''n, b'''a'''ll, str'''aw'''<ref>/{{IPA|ɔː}}/ is not distinguished from {{IPA|/ɑː/}} (except before {{IPA|/r/}}) in dialects with the [[Phonological history of English low back vowels|cot-caught merger]] such as some varieties of GenAm.</ref>
|<big>{{IPA|ɔr}}</big>
| align=left|b'''or'''n, f'''or''', '''aur'''al ({{IPA|/ɔːr./}})
|-
|<big>{{IPA|oʊ}}</big>
| align=left|c'''o'''de, b'''oa'''t, g'''oa'''l, b'''o'''ne, g'''o'''<ref>Commonly transcribed {{IPA|/əʊ/}} or {{IPA|/oː/}}.</ref>
|<big> {{IPA|ɔər}}</big>
| align=left|b'''oar''', f'''our''', m'''ore''', '''or'''al ({{IPA|/oʊr./}})<ref>/{{IPA|ɔər}}/ is not distinguished from {{IPA|/ɔr/}} in dialects with the [[English-language vowel changes before historic r|horse-hoarse merger]], which include most dialects of modern English.</ref>
|-
|<big>{{IPA|ʊ}}</big>
| align=left|g'''oo'''d, f'''oo'''t, p'''u'''ll, S'''u'''nni
|rowspan="2" |<big> {{IPA|ʊər}}</big>
|rowspan="2" align=left|b'''oor''', m'''oor''', t'''our'''ist ({{IPA|/uːr./}})<ref>/{{IPA|ʊər}}/ is not distinguished from {{IPA|/ɔr/}} in dialects with the [[English-language vowel changes before historic r|pour-poor merger]], including many younger speakers.</ref>
|-
|<big>{{IPA|uː}}</big>
| align=left|f'''oo'''d, l'''u'''te, f'''oo'''l, s'''oo'''n, bl'''u'''e
|-
| rowspan="2" |<big>{{IPA|ʌ}}</big>
| rowspan="2" align=left|b'''u'''d, b'''u'''t, d'''u'''ll, g'''u'''n<ref>This phoneme is not used in the northern half of England and some bordering parts of Wales. These words would take the {{IPA|ʊ}} vowel: there is no [[Phonological history of English high back vowels|foot-strut split]].</ref>
|<big>{{IPA|ʌr}}</big>
| align=left|h'''urr'''y, M'''urr'''ay
|-
|<big>{{IPA|ɜr}}</big>
| align=left|b'''ir'''d, m'''yrrh''', f'''urr'''y (also {{IPA|/ɝː/}})<ref name=rhoticschwa>In some articles these are transcribed {{IPA|/ɝː/}} and {{IPA|/ɚ/}} when not followed by a vowel.</ref>
|-
| <big>{{IPA|ɛ}}</big>
| align=left|b'''e'''d, p'''e'''t, b'''e'''ll, m'''e'''n
|<big> {{IPA|ɛr}}</big>
| align=left|b'''err'''y, m'''err'''y
|-
|<big>{{IPA|eɪ}}</big>
| align=left|f'''a'''de, f'''a'''te, f'''ai'''l, v'''ei'''n, p'''ay'''
|<big>{{IPA|ɛər}}</big>
| align=left|b'''ear''', m'''are''', M'''ar'''y ({{IPA|/eɪr./}})
|-
|<big>{{IPA|ɪ}}</big>
| align=left|b'''i'''d, p'''i'''t, b'''i'''ll, b'''i'''n
|<big>{{IPA|ɪr}}</big>
| align=left|m'''irr'''or
|-
|<big>{{IPA|iː}}</big>
| align=left|b'''ea'''d, p'''ea'''t, f'''ee'''l, m'''ea'''n, s'''ea'''
| <big>{{IPA|ɪər}}
| align=left | b'''eer''', m'''ere''', s'''er'''ious ({{IPA|/iːr./}})
|-
! colspan="4" | Traditional [[diphthong]]s
|-
|<big>{{IPA|aɪ}}</big>
| align=left|r'''i'''de, wr'''i'''te, f'''i'''le, f'''i'''ne, p'''ie'''
|<big>{{IPA|ɔɪ}}</big>
| align=left|v'''oi'''d, expl'''oi'''t, f'''oi'''l, c'''oi'''n, b'''oy'''
|-
|<big>{{IPA|aʊ}}</big>
| align=left|'''ou'''t, l'''ou'''d, '''ow'''l, d'''ow'''n, h'''ow'''
|<big>{{IPA|juː}}</big>
| align=left|c'''u'''te, h'''ue''', p'''ew''', d'''ew'''<ref>In many dialects, {{IPA|/juː/}} is pronounced the same as {{IPA|/uː/}} after "[[coronal consonant|tongue sounds]]" ({{IPA|/t/}}, {{IPA|/d/}}, {{IPA|/s/}}, {{IPA|/z/}}, {{IPA|/n/}}, {{IPA|/θ/}}, and {{IPA|/l/}}) in the same syllable, so that ''dew'' {{IPA|/djuː/}} is pronounced the same as ''do'' {{IPA|/duː/}}. In other dialects, {{IPA|/tj/}}, {{IPA|/dj/}}, {{IPA|/sj/}} and {{IPA|/zj/}} are pronounced {{IPA|/tʃ/}}, {{IPA|/dʒ/}}, {{IPA|/ʃ/}} and {{IPA|/ʒ/}}, so that the first syllable in ''Tuesday'' is pronounced the same as ''choose''.{{cn}}</ref>
|-
! colspan="4" | [[Vowel reduction in English|Reduced vowels]]
|-
|<big>{{IPA|ə}}</big>
| align=left|Ros'''a'''’s, '''a''' mission
|<big>{{IPA|ən}}</big>
| align=left|butt'''on'''
|-
| <big>{{IPA|i}}</big>
| align=left|happ'''y''', ser'''i'''ous<ref>Pronounced {{IPA|/iː/}} in dialects with the [[Phonological history of English high front vowels|happy tensing]], {{IPA|/ɪ/}} in other dialects. British convention used to transcribe it with /ɪ/, but the OED and other influential dictionaries recently converted to /i/.</ref>
|<big>{{IPA|əm}}</big>
| align=left|rhyth'''m'''
|-
|<big>{{IPA|ɨ}}</big>, <big>{{IPA|<s>ɪ</s>}}</big>
| align=left|ros'''e'''s, '''e'''mission <ref>Pronounced {{IPA|[ə]}} in Australian and many US dialects, and {{IPA|[ɪ]}} in Received Pronunciation. Many speakers freely alternate between a reduced {{IPA|[ɪ̈]}} and a reduced {{IPA|[ə]}}. Many phoneticians (vd. Olive & Greenwood 1993:322) and the [[Oxford English Dictionary|OED]] uses the pseudo-IPA symbol {{IPA|<s>ɪ</s>}} [http://dictionary.oed.com/help/pronunciation-3e.html], and [[Merriam–Webster]] uses {{IPA|ə̇}}.</ref>
|<big>{{IPA|əl}}</big>
| align=left|bott'''le'''
|-
|<big>{{IPA|<s>ʊ</s>}}</big>
| align=left|curric'''u'''lum ({{IPA|[j<s>ʊ</s>]}})<ref>Pronounced {{IPA|[ʊ]}} in many dialects, {{IPA|[ə]}} in others. Many speakers freely alternate between a reduced {{IPA|[ʊ̈]}} and a reduced {{IPA|[ə]}}. The [[Oxford English Dictionary|OED]] uses the pseudo-IPA symbol {{IPA|<s>ʊ</s>}} [http://dictionary.oed.com/help/pronunciation-3e.html].</ref>
|<big>{{IPA|ər}}</big>
| align=left|p'''er'''form, merc'''er''' (also {{IPA|/ɚ/}})<ref name=rhoticschwa/>
|-
|<big>{{IPA|ɵ}}</big>
| align=left|foll'''o'''wing, '''o'''mission<ref>Pronounced {{IPA|[ə]}} in many dialects, and {{IPA|[ɵw]}} or {{IPA|[əw]}} before another vowel, as in ''c'''o'''operate.'' Sometimes pronounced as a full {{IPA|/oʊ/}}, especially in careful speech. (Bolinger 1989)</ref>
| colspan=2|
|}
==Stress==
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