Linux: Difference between revisions

Revision as of 13:26, 8 August 2009

Revision as of 17:20, 8 August 2009

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Linux is predominantly known for its use in [[server (computing)|server]]s, although it is installed on a wide variety of computer [[hardware]], ranging from [[embedded devices]] and [[mobile phones]] to [[supercomputers]].<ref>{{cite web | title = Linux rules supercomputers | url = http://www.forbes.com/home/enterprisetech/2005/03/15/cz_dl_0315linux.html | last = Lyons | first = Daniel | accessdate = 2007-02-22 }}</ref> [[Linux distribution]]s, installed on both [[Desktop computer|desktop]] and [[laptop]] computers, have become increasingly commonplace in recent years, partly owing to the popular [[Ubuntu (operating system)|Ubuntu]] distribution<ref name="Economist"> {{cite web|url = http://www.economist.com/science/displaystory.cfm?story_id=10410912|title = Technology in 2008|accessdate = 2008-04-01 (publicly available Dec 2007-May 2009, rendered members only in May 2009, quoted at http://web.ncf.ca/fn352/ubuntu.html#Economist)|last = The Economist|authorlink = |year = 2007|month = December}}</ref> and the emergence of [[netbook]]s.<ref name="Economist04Dec08">{{cite news|url = http://www.economist.com/science/tq/displaystory.cfm?story_id=12673233|title = Small is beautiful|accessdate = 2008-12-21|last = [[The Economist]]|authorlink = |year = 2008|month = December}}</ref>

The name "Linux" ({{Audio|Linus-linux.ogg|listen}}) comes from the [[Linux kernel]], originally written in 1991 by [[Linus Torvalds]]. The rest of the system usually comprises components such as the [[Apache HTTP Server]], the [[X Window System]], the [[K Desktop Environment]], and [[system utility|utilities]] and [[library (computer science)|libraries]] from the [[GNU]] [[operating systemProject]] (announced in 1983 by [[Richard Stallman]]). Commonly-used applications with desktop Linux systems include the [[Mozilla Firefox]] web-browser and the [[OpenOffice.org]] office application suite. The GNU contribution is the basis for the [[Free Software Foundation]]'s preferred name ''[[GNU/Linux naming controversy|GNU/Linux]]''.<ref name="lsag">{{ cite book | url = http://www.tldp.org/LDP/sag/html/sag.html#GNU-OR-NOT | title = Linux System Administrator's Guide | chapter = 1.1 | edition = version 0.9 | date = 2004 | accessdate = 2007-01-18 | first = Alex | last = Weeks }}</ref><ref name="gnu_homepage">{{cite web|url=http://www.gnu.org/ |title=The GNU Operating System |publisher=Gnu.org |accessdate=2009-04-17}}</ref>

== History ==