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In an [[object-oriented programming language]]<!-- and related fields, like [[OODMBS]],--> '''encapsulation''' is used to refer to one of two related but distinct notions, and sometimes to the combination<ref>Michael Lee Scott, ''Programming language pragmatics'', Edition 2, Morgan Kaufmann, 2006, ISBN 0126339511, p. 481: "Encapsulation mechanisms enable the programmer to group data and the subroutines that operate on them together in one place, and to hide irrelevant details from the users of an abstraction."</ref><ref name=Dale>Nell B. Dale, Chip Weems, ''Programming and problem solving with Java'', Edition 2, Jones & Bartlett Publishers, 2007, ISBN 0763734020, p. 396</ref> thereof:
* A language mechanism for restricting access to some of the [[object (computer science)|object]]'s components.<ref>[[John C. Mitchell]], ''Concepts in programming languages'', Cambridge University Press, 2003, ISBN 0521780985, p.522</ref><ref name=Pierce>{{cite book|last=Pierce|first=Benjamin|authorlink=Benjamin C. Pierce|title=[[Types and Programming Languages]]|publisher=MIT Press|date=2002|id=ISBN 0-262-16209-1}} p. 266</ref>
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