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The development of Scheme was heavily influenced by two predecessors that were quite different from one another: [[Lisp (programming language)|Lisp]] provided its general semantics and syntax, and [[ALGOL]] provided its [[scope (programming)|lexical scope]] and block structure.
===Lisp===
{{details|Lisp (programming language)}}
Lisp was invented by [[John McCarthy (computer scientist)|John McCarthy]] in 1958 while he was at the [[Massachusetts Institute of Technology]] (MIT). McCarthy published its design in a paper in ''[[Communications of the ACM]]'' in 1960, entitled "Recursive Functions of Symbolic Expressions and Their Computation by Machine, Part I"<ref name="MCCARTHY">{{cite web | title=Recursive Functions of Symbolic Expressions and Their Computation by Machine, Part I| author=John McCarthy | url=http://www-formal.stanford.edu/jmc/recursive.html | accessdate=2006-10-13}}</ref> ("Part II" was never published). He showed that with a few simple operators and a notation for functions, one can build a [[Turing-complete]] language for algorithms.
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