Cosmogonia: differenze tra le versioni

Versione delle 14:51, 26 mag 2006

Versione delle 15:14, 26 mag 2006

Riga 36:

===Apache===

InALl'inizio thenon beginningesisteva nothing existedniente, onlysolo darknessil wasbuio everywhereera ovunque. SuddenlyImprovvisamente fromdal thebuio darknessemerse emerged aun thinsottile discdisco, onegiallo sideda yellowun andlato thee otherbianco side whitedall'altro, appearingche suspendedappariva insospeso a midairmezz'aria. WithinAll'interno thedel discdisco satsiedeva aun smallpiccolo beardeduomo manbarbuto, Creatoril Creatore, the"Colui [[Oneche Whovive Livesal Above]]di sopra". WhenQuando heegli lookedguardò intonel thebuio endless darknessininito, lightla appearedluce apparve in abovealto. HeEgli lookedguardò downin andgiù ite becamedivenne aun seamare ofdi lightluce. To theA eastest, heegli createdcreò yellowle streaksstrisce ofgialle dawndell'alba. ToAd the westovest, tintstinte ofdi manydiversi colourscolori appearedapparvero everywhereovunque. ThereC'erano wereanche alsonubi cloudsdi ofdiversi different colourscolori. HeEgli alsocreò createdanche threetre otheraltri godsdei: auna littlepiccola girlragazza, aun Sun-GodDio andSole ae smallun boypiccolo ragazzo. <!--Then he created celestial phenomena, the winds, the tarantula, and the earth from the sweat of the four gods mixed together in the Creator's palms, from a small round, brown ball, not much larger than a bean. The world was expanded to its current size by the gods kicking the small brown ball until it expanded. Creator told Wind to go inside the ball and to blow it up. The [[tarantula]], the [[trickster]] character, spun a black cord and, attaching it to the ball, crawled away fast to the east, pulling on the cord with all his strength. Tarantula repeated with a blue cord to the south, a yellow cord to the west, and a white cord to the north. With mighty pulls in each direction, the brown ball stretched to immeasurable size--it became the earth! No hills, mountains, or rivers were visible; only smooth, treeless, brown plains appeared. Then the Creator created the rest of the beings and features of the Earth.

In the beginning nothing existed, only darkness was everywhere. Suddenly from the darkness emerged a thin disc, one side yellow and the other side white, appearing suspended in midair. Within the disc sat a small bearded man, Creator, the [[One Who Lives Above]]. When he looked into the endless darkness, light appeared above. He looked down and it became a sea of light. To the east, he created yellow streaks of dawn. To the west, tints of many colours appeared everywhere. There were also clouds of different colours. He also created three other gods: a little girl, a Sun-God and a small boy. Then he created celestial phenomena, the winds, the tarantula, and the earth from the sweat of the four gods mixed together in the Creator's palms, from a small round, brown ball, not much larger than a bean. The world was expanded to its current size by the gods kicking the small brown ball until it expanded. Creator told Wind to go inside the ball and to blow it up. The [[tarantula]], the [[trickster]] character, spun a black cord and, attaching it to the ball, crawled away fast to the east, pulling on the cord with all his strength. Tarantula repeated with a blue cord to the south, a yellow cord to the west, and a white cord to the north. With mighty pulls in each direction, the brown ball stretched to immeasurable size--it became the earth! No hills, mountains, or rivers were visible; only smooth, treeless, brown plains appeared. Then the Creator created the rest of the beings and features of the Earth.

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Riga 121 ⟶ 120:

Secondo il credo cristiano, Gesù, il Cristo di Dio, era il nuovo ''[Adamo]]'' mandato a noi "nella pienezza dei tempi". La ricerca dell'umanità di ritornare al giardino dell'[[Eden]] culminerà in un nuovo e ancora più pieno paradiso terrestre, sotto forma di ''cielo e terra nuova''.

'''Sulla Causa Prima'''

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I riferimenti a Dio nel [Nuovo Testamento]] variano, comunque dimostrano complessivamente un incorporazione della Causa Prima. Va comunque notato che il concetto cristiano di Dio, la sacra [[trinità]], è più complesso. <!--The following examples illustrate this:

'''On First Cause'''

References to God in the [[New Testament]] vary, however, overall they demonstrate an incorporation of the first cause. It should be noted, however, that the Christian conception of God, the holy [[trinity]], is more complex. The following examples illustrate this:

''Revelation 1:8 - I am the Alpha and the Omega, the beginning and the end... that which is, which has been, and that which is yet to come, Almighty God''.

Riga 151 ⟶ 148:

"Dopo di loro nacque [[Crono]], scaltro, il più giovane e il più terribile dei suoi figli, e odiava il suo potente padre." Crono, seguendo le raccomandazioni di Gaia, castrò Urano. Egli sposò [[Rea (mitologia)|Rea]] che gli diede sei figli [[Estia]], [[Demetra]], [[Era]], [[Ade]], [[Poseidone]], e [[Zeus]]. Zeus è i suoi fratelli rovesciarono Cronos e gli altri titani, quindi estrassero a sorte quello su cui ciascuno di loro avrebbe regnato. Zeus estrasse i cieli, Poseidone il mare, e Ade la terra.

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===[[Induismo]]===

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:''The Mahaa-[[Vishnu]], into whom all the innumerable [[universe]]s enter and from whom they come forth again simply by His breathing process, is a plenary expansion of [[Krishna]]. Therefore I worship [[Govinda]], Krishna, the cause of all causes.'' (Brahma-samhitaa 5.48)

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InNella filosofia [[HinduismHinduismo|Hindu]] philosophy, thel'esistenza existencedell'universo ofè thegovernata universe is governed by thedalla [[Trimurti]] ofcomposta da [[Brahma (god)|Brahma]] (theil CreatorCreatore), [[Vishnu]] (theil SustainerSostentatore) ande [[Shiva]] (theil DestroyerDistruttore). <!--The sequence of [[Avatar]]s of Vishnu- the [[Dasavatara]] ([[Sanskrit]]: Dasa&mdash;ten,Avatara&mdash;incarnation) is generally accepted by most Hindus today as correlating well with Darwin's theory of evolution, the first Avatar generating from the environment of water.

Hindus thus do not see much conflict between creation and evolution. An additional reason for this could also be the Hindu concept of cyclic time, such as [[Ancient Vedic weights and measures#Yugas|yugas]], or days of Brahma in approximately 4.3 billion year cycles (unlike the concept of [[linear time]] in many other religions). In fact, time is represented as ''Kaala Chakra'' &mdash; the Wheel of Time.

Riga 201 ⟶ 199:

Con, il creatore, aveva forma umana ma era senza ossa. Egli riempì la terra con cose buone per sopperire ai bisogni dei primi esseri umani. Le persone, però, dimenticarono il dio Con e si ribellarono. Così egli li punì smettendo di mandare la pioggia. La gente allora fu costretta a lavorare duramente arrangiandosi con la poca acqua che poteva trovare nei rigagnoli rimasti. Allora si affermò una nuova divinità, [[Pachacamac (mitologia)|Pachacamac]], che cacciò Con e trasformò le persone da lui create in scimmie. Pachachamac poi si impossessò della Terra e creò gli antenati del genere umano.

Il fondatore della prima dinastia dei sovrani di [[Cusco]] fu [[Manco Capac]]. Secondo una leggenda egli emerse dalle profondità del lago [[Titicaca]] grazie al dio del sole [[Inti]]. Un'altra versione della storia sosteneva che egli fosse il figlio di [[Viracocha|Tici Viracocha]]. Comunque alle persone comuni non era permesso pronunciare il nome di Viracocha, cosa che fornisce una possibile spiegazione della necessità di due miti di fondazione. <!--which is possibly an explanation for the need for two foundation legends.-->

In uno dei due miti Manco Capac era il fratello di Pachacamac ed entrambi erano figli del dio del sole Inti, conosciuto anche con il nome di [[Apu Punchau]]. Lo stesso Manco Capac veniva onorato come un dio del fuoco o del sole. Secondo la leggenda di Inti, Manco Capac e i suoi fratelli di madre erano stati mandati sulla terra dal dio del sole ed erano fuoriusciti da una caverna del [[Pacaritambo]] portando un bastone dorato chiamato ''[[tapac-yauri]]''. Essi dovevano creare un ''Tempio del Sole'' nel luogo dove il bastone sarebbe affondato dentro la terra. Essi viaggiarono fino a Cusco lungo gallerie sotterranee e finalmente trovarono il luogo adatto per costruire il tempio in onore del dio del sole Inti, loro padre.

Riga 239 ⟶ 237:

¹ I versetti citati sono presi da <br>''il Corano'' - introduzione, traduzione e commento di Alessandro Bausani - Firenze, Sansoni, 1961 (stampato su autorizzazione dalla milanese Rizzoli, ISBN, 88-17-16612-X)</br>

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===[[Giappone]]===

{{vedi anche|[[Mitologia giapponese]]}}.

Il dio [[Izanagi]] e la dea [[Izanami]] churned the ocean with a spear to make a small island of curdled salt. Two deities went down to the island, mixed there, and bore main islands, deities, and forefathers of Japan. See [[Japanese mythology#Creation of the world]].

Il dio [[Izanagi]] e la dea [[Izanami]] agitarono l'oceano con una lancia per creare una piccola isola di sale coagulato. Le due divinità scesero sull'isola, si accoppiarono, crearono le isole principali, le divinità e i predecessori del Giappone

===[[Gainismo]]===

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{{vedi anche|[[Giainismo]])

(see: [[Jainism#Universal_History_and_Jain_Cosmology]])

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===[[Maya]]===

The [[Maya civilization|Maya]] of [[Mesoamerica]] creation story is recounted in the book "[[Popol Vuh]]". In the beginning there is only sky and sea, personified as a [[trinity]] of gods called Heart-of-Sky. They decide that they want someone to praise them. They begin by saying "Earth", which appears on demand from the sea. This is followed by mountains and trees, and Heart-of-Sky establish that "our work is going well". Next for creation are the creatures of the forest: birds, deer, jaguars and snakes. They are told to multiply and scatter, and then to speak and "pray to us". But the animals just squawk and howl. They are consequently humbled and will become servants to whoever will worship Heart-of-Sky. So Heart-of-Sky try to make some more respectful creatures from mud. But the results are not great, and they allow the new race to be washed away. They call upon their grandparents, who suggest wood as an appropriate medium. But the wooden people are just mindless robots, so Heart-of Sky set about the destruction of this new race by means of a rain-storm. This causes the animals to turn against the wooden people; even their pots and querns rebel, and crush the peoples' faces. The wooden people escape to the forests and are turned into monkeys. Heart-of-Sky then make yet another attempt at creating a suitably respectful race, and finally succeed by fashioning humans out of maize-corn dough.