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* [[Barnes-Hut simulation]],
* the [[fast multipole method]].
==Combined Finite-Discrete Element Method ==
Following the work by Munjiza and Owen's earlier work, the combined-discrete element method
has been further developed to various irregular and deformable particles in many applications
including pharmaceutical tableting <ref>R W Lewis, D T Gethin, X-S Yang, R. Rowe, A Combined Finite-Discrete Element Method for Simulating Pharmaceutical Powder Tableting, Int. J. Num. Method in Engineering, 62, 853-869 (2005)</ref>, packaging and flow simulations <ref>D T Gethin, X-S Yang and R W Lewis; A Two Dimensional Combined Discrete and Finite Element Scheme for Simulating the Flow and Compaction of Systems Comprising Irregular Particulates, Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics and Engineering, 195, 2006, 5552-5565 (2006)</ref>, and concrete and impact analysis <ref>
I. M. May, Y. Chen, D. R. J. Owen, Y.T. Feng and P. J. Thiele: Reinforced concrete beams under drop-weight impact loads, Computers and Concrete, 3 (2-3): 79-90 (2006). </ref>
==Advantages and Limitations==
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Disadvantages
* The maximum number of particles, and duration of a virtual simulation is limited by computational power. Typical flows contain billions of particles, but contemporary DEM simulations on large cluster computing resources have only recently been able to approach this scale for sufficiently long time (simulated time, not actual program execution time).
==Bibliography==
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