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Starting in 1970s, increasing immigration from rural areas to big cities (particularly Istanbul) gave rise to a new cultural synthesis, which is regarded to be a degeneration by some sociologists. The new residents of metropolitan areas were mostly suffering from hard economical conditions and having difficulties in adapting to the big city. This newly constructed culture generated its own music, [[Arabesk]], known to be the music of suffering. Arabesk was a synthesis of Turkish folk and middle-eastern music. Following the [[Kenan Evren|military coup]] of 1980, the suffering left-wing subculture also found its own arabesk, in a new degenerated version of protest music, named özgün muzik (authentic music). In the era influenced by the military government, arabesk and özgün muzik were labeled "degenerate" and discouraged by the government, while Turkish classical music was promoted.
Western-style pop music could only become popular by the beginning of 1990s, as a result of opening economy and society, and still dominates the popular culture. The increasing popularity of pop music gave rise to several international Turkish pop stars such as [[Tarkan]]. Note that Turkish pop is still strongly influenced by Arabesk, Turkish folk and middle-eastern music.
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''Main article: [[Turkish pop music]]''
Turkey has produced a number of popular musicians from a wide range of styles, most famously including Lebanese or [[Arabesk]] performers. There is also a wide range of imported popular styles, including [[rock and roll]], [[hip hop music|hip hop]], [[heavy metal music|heavy metal]], [[tango music|tango]] and [[reggae]].
The biggest Turkish pop star of the 20th century was probably [[Sezen Aksu]], known for overseeing the Turkish contribution to the [[Eurovision Song Contest]] and was known both for her light pop music and her controversial stances on [[feminism]], [[Serbia]] and the [[Cumartesi Anneleri]].
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