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A '''Distributed operating system''' is
An operating system, at its most basic level, is expected to isolate and manage the lower-level physical complexities of the [[hardware]] and associated resources. In turn, these low-level physical elements are organized into simplified logical [[abstractions]]. These abstractions are finally presented as higher-level [[Interface (computer science)|interfaces]] into the underlying hardware and [[Resource (computer science)|resources]]. The Distributed operating system not only fulfills its role in this capacity; but is capable of doing so in a manner indistinguishable from its more centralized counterparts. That is, although distributed in nature, it appears to the user as a singular and local entity; only exposing its unique distributed attributes if convenient or necessary for a specific purpose. Again, a square is a rectangle, the same in principle, different in configuration.
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In most graphic depictions, an operating system is illustrated as a discrete organizational container sandwiched between hardware and its resources below, and applications, programmers, and other "needy" entities above. A Distributed operating system, illustrated in a similar fashion, would completely contain the set of discrete and disseminated hardware elements within its container. It is the hardware that displays differing degrees of spatial separation, however it is the containment of these hardware elements that allow for a consistent, unified, singular, and local appearance.
This is an exceptionally important and subtle distinction. It will serve to differentiate the Distributed operating system from other decentralized operating systems. And more importantly, it provides a foundation for many additional and beneficial services, which will be described in detail below. Simply said, it is solely the dissemination of hardware elements that "allows" for additional benefits and services. It is the extremely complex, sophisticated, and orchestrated utilization of this separation that instantiates the benefits.
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