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===Early writing career===

[[Image:JorgeLuisBorges.jpg|thumb|Jorge Luis Borges innegli 1940s,anni photograph'40. takenFotografia frompresa da "Historia de la Literatura Argentina Vol II" ([[1968]])]]

Nel 1921, Borges ritornò con la sua famiglia a Buenos Aires. Della sua città scrisse ad un amico che era "infestata da arrivisti, da bravi ragazzi privi di ogni facoltà mentale e da giovani ragazze semplicemente ornamentali"<ref Name="LRB"/>.

In 1921, Borges returned with his family to Buenos Aires. He had little formal education, no qualifications and few friends. He wrote to a friend that Buenos Aires was now "overrun by arrivistes, by correct youths lacking any mental equipment, and decorative young ladies". <ref Name="LRB"/> He brought with him the doctrine of [[Ultraist movement|Ultraism]] and launched his career, publishing surreal poems and essays in literary journals. In 1930, Nestor Ibarra called Borges the "Great Apostle of [[Criollismo]]," celebrating Latin American [[regionalism]].<ref>[http://www.borges.pitt.edu/english.php Borges Center, University of Pittsburg]. Accessed 2010-08-16</ref> Borges published his first published collection of poetry, ''Fervor de Buenos Aires'' in 1923 and contributed to the avant-garde review ''[[Martín Fierro (magazine)|Martín Fierro]]''. Borges co-founded the journals ''Prisma'', a broadsheet distributed largely by pasting copies to walls in Buenos Aires, and ''Proa''. Later in life, Borges regretted some of these early publications, and attempted to purchase all known copies to ensure their destruction.<ref>[http://www.utexas.edu/utpress/excerpts/exboroth.html ''Borges: Other Inquisitions 1937-1952''. Full introduction by James Irby. University of Texas ISBN 9780292760028 ] Accessed 2010-08-16</ref>

Portò con sé il pensiero [[Ultraismo|Ultraista]] e cominciò la sua carriera pubblicando poesie surreali e saggi in giornali letterari. Nel [[1930]], Nestor Ibarra chiamò il poetà il "Grande apostolo del ''criollismo''<ref>Termine spagnolo che indica un stile letterario, chiamato anche ''costumbrismo'', basato sulla rappresentazione realistica di scene, usi e costumi propri del paese da cui l'autore proviene.</ref>", celebrando il regionalismo latino americano<ref>[http://www.borges.pitt.edu/english.php Borges Center, University of Pittsburg]. Accessed 2010-08-16</ref>. Borges pubblicò la sua prima raccolta di poesie, ''Fervor de Buenos Aires'', nel [[1923]] e lavorò anche per la rivista avanguardista [[Martin Fierro (rivista)|Martin Fierro]]. Co-fondò anche il giornale ''Prisma'', largamente distribuito incollandone copie sui muri della città, e ''Proa''. Più tardi Borges rimpianse queste sue pubblicazioni giovanili e tentò addirittura di comprarne tutte le copie in circolazione per assicurarsi della loro distruzione<ref>[http://www.utexas.edu/utpress/excerpts/exboroth.html ''Borges: Other Inquisitions 1937-1952''. Full introduction by James Irby. University of Texas ISBN 9780292760028 ] Accessed 2010-08-16</ref>.

Nella metà degli anni '30 cominciò ad interessarsi alle questioni ed alla letteratura esistenziali. Lavorò con uno stile che Ana María Barrenechea definì poi "irrealismo". Molti altri scrittori latino americani, come [[Juan Rulfo]], [[Juan José Arreola]] e [[Alejo Carpentier]] esplorarono come lui questi temi, sotto l'influenza della [[fenomenologia]] di [[Husserl]] e [[Heidegger]] e dell'[[esistenzialismo]] di [[Jean-Paul Sartre]].

By the mid-1930s, he began to explore existential questions and fiction. He worked in a style that Ana María Barrenechea has called "irreality." Many other Latin American writers, such as [[Juan Rulfo]], [[Juan José Arreola]], and [[Alejo Carpentier]], were also investigating these themes, influenced by the [[Phenomenology (philosophy)|phenomenology]] of [[Husserl]] and [[Heidegger]] and the [[existentialism]] of [[Jean-Paul Sartre]]. In this vein, his biographer Williamson underlines how careful readers must be not to infer a biographical basis for Borges's work as books, philosophy and imagination were as much a source of real inspiration to him as personal experience, if not more so. <ref Name="LRB"/> From the first issue, Borges was a regular contributor to ''[[Sur (magazine)|Sur]]'' (''South''), founded in 1931 by [[Victoria Ocampo]]. It was then Argentina's most important literary journal and helped Borges find his fame.<ref>[http://www.villaocampo.org/ing/historico/cultura_1.htm Ivonne Bordelois, "The Sur Magazine" Villa Ocampo Website]</ref> Ocampo introduced Borges to [[Adolfo Bioy Casares]], another well-known figure of Argentine literature, who was to become a frequent collaborator and close friend. Together they wrote a number of works, some under the nom de plume H. Bustos Domecq, including a parody detective series and fantasy stories. During these years a family friend [[Macedonio Fernández]] became a major influence on Borges. The two would preside over discussions in cafés, country retreats, or Fernández' tiny apartment in the [[Balvanera]] district.