Functional discourse grammar: Difference between revisions

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'''Functional Grammar''' and '''Functional Discourse Grammar''' isare a[[grammar]] models and theories motivated by [[Functional theories of grammar|functions]]. theoryThese thattheories explainsexplain how [[Natural language| linguistic]] utterances are shaped, based on the goals and knowledge of natural language users. In doing so, it contrasts with Chomskyan [[transformational grammar]]. Functional Discourse Grammar has been developed as a successor to [[Functional Grammar]], attempting to be more psychologically and pragmatically adequate than Functional Grammar<ref name="Hengeveld2008">{{cite book|first1=Kees|last1=Hengeveld|first2=J. Lachlan|last2=Mackenzie|date=August, 2008|title=Functional Discourse Grammar -: A Typologically-Based Theory of Language Structure|___location=Oxford|publisher=Oxford University Press|ISBN=978-0-19-927811-4|url=http://www.oup.com/uk/catalogue/?ci=9780199278114}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|author=Mackenzie, J. Lachlan / Gómez-González, María de los Ángeles (eds)|title=Studies in Functional Discourse Grammar|publisher=Peter Lang Publishing Group|date=2005|ISBN=978-3-03910-696-7}}</ref>.

The greatest unit of analysis in Functional Discourse Grammar is the [[discourse]] move, not the [[Sentence (linguistics)|sentence]] or the [[clause]]. This is a principle that sets Functional Discourse Grammar apart from many other [[linguistics|linguistic]] theories, including its predecessor [[Functional Grammar]].

== History ==

== Principles of Functional Discourse Grammar ==

Functional Grammar (FG) is a model of [[grammar]] motivated by [[Functional theories of grammar|functions]]<ref>{{cite book|last1=Hurford|first1=J|date=1990|title="Nativist and functional explanations in language acquisition", in Logical Issues in Language Acquisition, I. M. Roca (ed.)|pages=85–136|___location=Foris, Dordrecht|url=http://www.isrl.uiuc.edu/~amag/langev/paper/hurford90nativist.html}}</ref>. The model was originally developed by [[Simon C. Dik]] at the [[University of Amsterdam]] in the 1970s<ref>{{cite book|author=Dik, SC|title=The Theory of Functional Grammar (Part I: The Structure of the clause)|date=1989}}</ref>, and has undergone several revisions ever since. The latest standard version under the original name is laid out in the two-volume 1997 edition<ref>{{cite book|url=http://books.google.nl/books?id=qeMLE_5uvHcC&dq=theory+of+functional+grammar&lr=&source=gbs_summary_s&cad=0|last=Dik|first=Simon C.|date=1997|title=The Theory of Functional Grammar|___location=Berlin|publisher=Mouton de Gruyter}}</ref>, published shortly after Dik's death. The latest incarnation features the expansion of the model with a pragmatic/interpersonal module by [[Kees Hengeveld]] and [[Lachlan Mackenzie]]<ref name="Hengeveld2008" />. This has led to a renaming of the theory to Functional Discourse Grammar. This type of grammar is quite distinct from [[systemic functional grammar]] as developed by [[Michael Halliday]] and many other linguists since the 1970s.

The notion of "function" in FG generalizes the standard distinction of [[grammatical function]]s such as [[grammatical subject|subject]] and [[grammatical object|object]]. Constituents ([[parts of speech]]) of a linguistic [[utterance]] are assigned three types or levels of functions:

#Semantic function (Agent, Patient, Recipient, etc.), describing the role of participants in states of affairs or actions expressed

#Syntactic functions (Subject and Object), defining different perspectives in the presentation of a linguistic expression

#Pragmatic functions (Theme and Tail, Topic and Focus), defining the informational status of constituents, determined by the pragmatic context of the verbal interaction

== Principles of Functionalfunctional Discoursediscourse Grammargrammar ==

There are a number of principles that guide the analysis of natural language utterances according to Functional Discourse Grammar.

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== Example ==

This example analyzes the utterance "I can't find the red pan. It is not in its usual place." according to Functional Discourse Grammar at the interpersonal level.

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Similar analysis, decomposing the utterance into progressively smaller units, is possible at the other levels of the grammatical component.

==See also==

*[[Nominal group (language)|Nominal group]]

*[[Thematic equative]]

*[[Verbal Behavior (book)]]

*[[Functional theories of grammar]]

== References ==

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== External links ==

* [http://www.functionalgrammar.com/ Functional Grammar home page]

* [http://www.functionaldiscoursegrammar.info/ Functional Discourse Grammar Homepagehomepage]

[[Category:Grammar]]

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[[de:Functional Discourse Grammar]]

[[bn:ক্রিয়াবাদী ভাষাবিজ্ঞান]]

[[de:Functional Grammar]]

[[es:Gramática funcional]]

[[it:Grammatica funzionale]]

[[nl:Functionalistische taalkunde]]

[[pt:Gramática funcional]]

[[ru:Функциональная грамматика]]