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==Model simulation==
In a simulation, the potential energy of an atom,
:<math>E_i = F_\alpha\left(\sum_{i\neq j} \rho_\alpha (r_{ij}) \right) + \frac{1}{2} \sum_{i\neq j} \phi_{\alpha\beta}(r_{ij})</math>,
where <math>r_{ij}\!</math> is the distance between atoms <math>i\!</math> and <math>j\!</math>, <math>\phi_{\alpha\beta}\!</math> is a pair-wise potential function, <math>\rho_\alpha\!</math> is the contribution to the electron charge density from atom <math>j\!</math> at the ___location of atom <math>i\!</math>, and <math>F\!</math> is an embedding function that represents the energy required to place atom <math>i\!</math> of type <math>\alpha\!</math> into the electron cloud.
Since the electron cloud density is a summation over many atoms, usually limited by a cutoff radius, the EAM potential is a multibody potential. For a single element system of atoms, three scalar functions must be specified: the embedding function, a pair-wise interaction, and an electron cloud contribution function. For a binary alloy, the EAM potential requires seven functions: three pair-wise interactions (A-A, A-B, B-B), two embedding functions, and two electron cloud contribution functions. Generally these functions are provided in a tabularized format and interpolated by cubic splines.
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