Corruption Perceptions Index: Difference between revisions

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[[Image:World_Map_Index_of_perception_of_corruption.png|thumb|350px|Overview of the index of perception of corruption]]

Since [[1995]], [[Transparency International]] has published an annual '''Index of perception of corruption''' ordering the countries of the world according to "the leveldegree ofto which corruption is perceived to exist among public perceptionofficials ofand politicians."{{ref|2005FAQ}} The organization defines [[political corruption|corruption]] as "the abuse of public andoffice politicalfor functionariesprivate gain".{{ref|2005FAQ}}

The [[2003]] poll covered 133 countries; the 2005 survey, 159. The results show seven out of every ten countries (and nine out of every ten developing countries) with an index of less than 5 points out of 10.

==Methods and interpretation==

TI claims that the CPI 2005 draws on "16 different polls and surveys from 10 independent institutions… The institutions who provided data for the CPI 2005 are: [[Columbia University]], [[Economist Intelligence Unit]], [[Freedom House]], [[Information International]], [[International Institute for Management Development]], [[Merchant International Group]], [[Political and Economic Risk Consultancy]], [[United Nations Economic Commission for Africa]], [[World Economic Forum]] and [[World Markets Research Centre]]." Early CPIs used public opinion surveys, but now only "expertexperts" are used. TI requires at least three sources to be available in order to rank a country in the CPI. In 2005, the CPI ranked 159 countries.{{ref|2005FAQ}}

TI writes in their FAQ on the CPI that "residents' viewpoints correlate well with those of experts abroad. In the past, the experts surveyed in the CPI sources were often business people from industrialised countries; the viewpoint of less developed countries was underrepresented. This has changed over time, giving increasingly voice to respondents from emerging market economies."{{ref|2005FAQ}}

As this index is based on polls, the results are subjective and are less reliable for countries with fewer sources. Also, what is legally defined, or perceived, to be corruption differs between jurisdictions: a political donation legal in some jurisdiction may be illegal in another; a matter viewed as acceptable [[tipping]] in one country may be viewed as [[bribery]] in another. Thus the poll results must be understood quite specifically as measuring public perception rather than being an objective measure of corruption.

Statistics like this are necessarily imprecise; statistics from different years are not necessarily comparable. The ICCR itself explains, "…year-to-year changes in a country's score result not only from a changing perception of a country's performance but also from a changing sample and methodology. Each year, some sources are not updated and must be dropped from the CPI, while new, reliable sources are added. With differing respondents and slightly differing methodologies, a change in a country's score may also relate to the fact that different viewpoints have been collected and different questions been asked… [despite] anti-corruption reform… [or] recent exposure of corruption scandals… [i]t is often difficult to improve a CPI score over a short time period, such as one or two years. The CPI is based on data from the past three years (for more on this, see the question on the sources of data, below). This means that a change in perceptions of corruption would only emerge in the index over longer periods of time." They also discuss that over time they have shifted from public surveys in the country to surveys of experts, and that they have increased their polling of experts from developing countries about their perceptions of corruption in advanced countries. {{ref|imprecise}}

==Numerical listing==

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Statistics like this are necessarily imprecise; statistics from different years are not necessarily comparable. The ICCR itself explains, "…year-to-year changes in a country's score result not only from a changing perception of a country's performance but also from a changing sample and methodology. Each year, some sources are not updated and must be dropped from the CPI, while new, reliable sources are added. With differing respondents and slightly differing methodologies, a change in a country's score may also relate to the fact that different viewpoints have been collected and different questions been asked… [despite] anti-corruption reform… [or] recent exposure of corruption scandals… [i]t is often difficult to improve a CPI score over a short time period, such as one or two years. The CPI is based on data from the past three years (for more on this, see the question on the sources of data, below). This means that a change in perceptions of corruption would only emerge in the index over longer periods of time." They also discuss that over time they have shifted from public surveys in the country to surveys of experts, and that they have increased their polling of experts from developing countries about their perceptions of corruption in advanced countries. {{ref|imprecise}}

==References==

*The table and a small amount of text came from the [[:es:Índice de percepción de corrupción|corresponding article]] in the Spanish-language wikipedia.

*{{note|imprecise}} [http://www.icgg.org/corruption.cpi_2004_faq.html ICCR FAQ], accessed 4 July 2005.

* {{note|2005FAQ}} [http://www.transparency.org/cpi/2005/cpi2005_faq.en.html Frequently Asked Questions: TI Corruption Perceptions Index (CPI 2005)] (retrieved 22 Nov 2005)

==External links==

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[[fr:Indice de perceptions de la corruption]]

[[id:Indeks Persepsi Korupsi]]

==Old intro==

{{cleanup-sect}}

The '''Corruption Perceptions Index''' (CPI) is an annual study published by [[Transparency International]] (TI) that ranks countries in terms of "the degree to which corruption is perceived to exist among public officials and politicians." Established in 1995, it is defines corruption as "the abuse of public office for private gain".

TI claims that the CPI 2005 draws on "16 different polls and surveys from 10 independent institutions… The institutions who provided data for the CPI 2005 are: [[Columbia University]], [[Economist Intelligence Unit]], [[Freedom House]], [[Information International]], [[International Institute for Management Development]], [[Merchant International Group]], [[Political and Economic Risk Consultancy]], [[United Nations Economic Commission for Africa]], [[World Economic Forum]] and [[World Markets Research Centre]]." Early CPIs used public opinion surveys, but now only "expert" are used. TI requires at least three sources to be available in order to rank a country in the CPI. In 2005, the CPI ranked 159 countries.

TI writes in their FAQ on the CPI that "residents' viewpoints correlate well with those of experts abroad. In the past, the experts surveyed in the CPI sources were often business people from industrialised countries; the viewpoint of less developed countries was underrepresented. This has changed over time, giving increasingly voice to respondents from emerging market economies."

===References===

There are numerous variants of a TI's FAQ about the CPI on the web, in various languages and formats, from various dates, on various web sites. The quotations in this article are all from

* [http://www.transparency.org/cpi/2005/cpi2005_faq.en.html Frequently Asked Questions: TI Corruption Perceptions Index (CPI 2005)] (retrieved 22 Nov 2005)