Fixed-point lemma for normal functions: Difference between revisions

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== Formal version ==
 
Let ''f'' : [[ordinal number|Ord]] → Ord be a [[normal function]]. Then for every α ∈ Ord, there exists a β ∈ Ord such that β ≥ α and ''f''(β) = β.
 
== Proof ==
 
We know that ''f''(&gamma;) &ge; &gamma; for all ordinals &gamma;. We now declare an increasing sequence &lt;&alpha;<sub>''n''</sub>&gt; (''n'' &lt; &omega;) by setting &alpha;<sub>0</sub> = &alpha;, and &alpha;<sub>''n''+1</sub> = ''f''(&alpha;<sub>''n''</sub>) for ''n'' &lt; &omega;, and define &beta; = sup &lt;&alpha;<sub>''n''</sub>&gt;. Clearly, &beta; &ge; &alpha;. Since ''f'' commutes with [[supremum|suprema]], we have
:''f''(&beta;) = ''f''(sup {&alpha;<sub>''n''</sub> : ''n'' &lt; &omega;})
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== Example application ==
 
It is easily checked that the function ''f'' : Ord &rarr; Ord, ''f''(&alpha;) = &#1488;<sub>&alpha;</sub> is normal (see [[aleph number]]); thus, there exists an ordinal &Theta; such that &Theta; = &#1488;<sub>&Theta;</sub>. In fact, the above lemma shows that there are infinitely many such &Theta;.
 
==References==
 
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