LED-embedded glass: Difference between revisions

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{{Multiple issues|Wikify =September 2010|coi=September 2010}}

'''Transparent LED embedded glass''' is a new [[composite material]] containing [[light emitting diode]]s (LED). It is used as building material and as glass type for many different products. This article is focussingfocusing on published<ref>D. Shavit: Transparent Electronic Interlayers, Proceedings of GPD Glass Performance Days, June 2009, Pagepp. 177-180177–180</ref>,<ref>D. Shavit: LED- and SMD embedded Polyester Interlayer Film for Lighting, Sensoric and functional Glass, Poster Session at GPD Glass Performance Days, June 2007, Page 28</ref>. specifications enabling [[building material]]s which will meet security and legislation aspects of [[laminated glass]].

'''Transparent LED embedded glass''' is a new [[composite material]] containing [[light emitting diode]]s (LED). It is used as building material and as glass type for many different products. This article is focussing on published<ref>D. Shavit: Transparent Electronic Interlayers, Proceedings of GPD Glass Performance Days, June 2009, Page 177-180</ref>,<ref>D. Shavit: LED- and SMD embedded Polyester Interlayer Film for Lighting, Sensoric and functional Glass, Poster Session at GPD Glass Performance Days, June 2007, Page 28</ref>. specifications enabling [[building material]]s which will meet security and legislation aspects of [[laminated glass]].

==Gallery==

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* '''Bottom layer:'''...Metallised bottom glass

==Thermoplastics used==

The transparent thermoplastic material will usually show a quite similar light refractive index compared to glass. Typical thermoplastics used in the glass industry to produce these type of security glazings will consist of Thermoplastic Polyurethane<ref>Bayer Inc., US2006135728 [http://v3.espacenet.com/publicationDetails/biblio?CC=JP&NR=2006169536A&KC=A&FT=D&date=20060629&DB=EPODOC&locale=en_EP "Thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) having good adhesion to glass "]</ref> (TPU), Ethyl-Vinyl-Acetate<ref>Bridgestone Inc., DE4308885(B4) [http://v3.espacenet.com/publicationDetails/biblio?CC=DE&NR=4308885A1&KC=A1&FT=D&date=19930923&DB=EPODOC&locale=en_EP "Laminated glass with thermoset film of (meth)acrylate or hydrocarbon resin -– containing EVA and organic peroxide for high impact strength, penetration resistance and transparency "]</ref> (EVA) or Poly-Vinyl-Butyral<ref>Solutia Inc., WO03057478 [http://v3.espacenet.com/publicationDetails/biblio?DB=EPODOC&adjacent=true&locale=en_EP&FT=D&date=20080320&CC=IL&NR=162701A&KC=A "GLASS LAMINATION PROCESS AND APPARATUS"]</ref> (PVB).

The transparent thermoplastic material will usually show a quite similar light refractive index compared to glass. Typical thermoplastics used in the glass industry to produce these type of security glazings will consist of Thermoplastic Polyurethane<ref>Bayer Inc., US2006135728 [http://v3.espacenet.com/publicationDetails/biblio?CC=JP&NR=2006169536A&KC=A&FT=D&date=20060629&DB=EPODOC&locale=en_EP "Thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) having good adhesion to glass "]</ref> (TPU), Ethyl-Vinyl-Acetate<ref>Bridgestone Inc., DE4308885(B4) [http://v3.espacenet.com/publicationDetails/biblio?CC=DE&NR=4308885A1&KC=A1&FT=D&date=19930923&DB=EPODOC&locale=en_EP "Laminated glass with thermoset film of (meth)acrylate or hydrocarbon resin - containing EVA and organic peroxide for high impact strength, penetration resistance and transparency "]</ref> (EVA) or Poly-Vinyl-Butyral<ref>Solutia Inc., WO03057478 [http://v3.espacenet.com/publicationDetails/biblio?DB=EPODOC&adjacent=true&locale=en_EP&FT=D&date=20080320&CC=IL&NR=162701A&KC=A "GLASS LAMINATION PROCESS AND APPARATUS"]</ref> (PVB).

==Production==

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# Lamination of the glasses according the specification mentioned above

Due to the fact, thatBecause most of the glass companies are not skilled to mount LEDs (Light Emitting Diodes) onto metallized glass, it makes sense to locate the LEDs on a separate transparent conductive polymeric interlayer<ref>D. Shavit: The developments of LEDs and SMD Electronics on transparent conductive Polyester film, Vacuum International, 1/2007, S. 35 ff</ref>,<ref>D. Shavit: Elektronische Komponenten in Glaslaminaten: Entwicklung, Stand und Ausblick, Glas, Architektur & Technik, 1/2007</ref>,<ref>SUN-TEC Swiss United Technologies Inc. Daniel Shavit, DE202007008410[http://v3.espacenet.com/publicationDetails/biblio?DB=EPODOC&adjacent=true&locale=en_EP&FT=D&date=20090630&CC=CH&NR=698260B1&KC=B1 "Translucent conductive Interlayer with SMD Surface Mounted Electronic Devices -– LED embedded films"]</ref> which may be laminated by any glass lamination unit. In other words, the remaining process for glass lamination units will consist of laminating together standard glass using 2 layers of thermoplastic interlayers to sandwich ready to use LED embedded films<ref>http://www.ledfilm.ch/ledfilm</ref>. The final specification will be:

* '''Top Layerlayer:'''.. Glass

Due to the fact, that most of the glass companies are not skilled to mount LEDs (Light Emitting Diodes) onto metallized glass, it makes sense to locate the LEDs on a separate transparent conductive polymeric interlayer<ref>D. Shavit: The developments of LEDs and SMD Electronics on transparent conductive Polyester film, Vacuum International, 1/2007, S. 35 ff</ref>,<ref>D. Shavit: Elektronische Komponenten in Glaslaminaten: Entwicklung, Stand und Ausblick, Glas, Architektur & Technik, 1/2007</ref>,<ref>SUN-TEC Swiss United Technologies Inc. Daniel Shavit, DE202007008410[http://v3.espacenet.com/publicationDetails/biblio?DB=EPODOC&adjacent=true&locale=en_EP&FT=D&date=20090630&CC=CH&NR=698260B1&KC=B1 "Translucent conductive Interlayer with SMD Surface Mounted Electronic Devices - LED embedded films"]</ref> which may be laminated by any glass lamination unit. In other words, the remaining process for glass lamination units will consist of laminating together standard glass using 2 layers of thermoplastic interlayers to sandwich ready to use LED embedded films<ref>http://www.ledfilm.ch/ledfilm</ref>. The final specification will be:

* '''Top Layer:'''..Glass

* '''Interlayer:'''..Transparent thermoplastic material like TPU, PVB or EVA

* '''Interlayer:'''..LED (light emitting diodes)on transparent conductive Polymer

* '''Interlayer:'''..Transparent thermoplastic material like TPU, PVB or EVA

* '''Bottom layer:'''..Glass

Within this last specification mentioned above, the 2 thermoplastic layers together with the LED Interlayer<ref>http://www.ledglass.ch/ledglass</ref> will reach a total thickness of about 2mm. The usually very economical PVB is the most used [[Laminated_glass|lamination interlayer]]. Its lamination is based on a nip roller pre-heating step folowedfollowed by an autoclaving process with a final stage at 135 °C and 14 athmospheres. However, polyester has a better adhesion to [[Thermoplastics_polyurethanes_(TPU)|TPU]]<ref>http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solutia</ref>, to [[Ethylene-vinyl_acetate|EVA]] or to [[http://http://www.bridgestone.com/products/diversified/evasafe/index.html|EVASAfe]], which are often laminated using simple vacuum tables. EVASafe contain some hydroskopichygroscopic crosslinking agent, which will allow its partial crosslinking to active sites of the substrates.

==References==

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