Content deleted Content added
Binksternet (talk | contribs) 1928 frozen controls of St. Clair Streett. Some reorganization so that Streett can fit into the flow. |
|||
Line 5:
}}
Several [[List of accidents and incidents on commercial airliners|aviation incidents and accidents]] have occurred in which the [[Flight control surfaces|control surfaces]] of the aircraft became disabled, often due to failure of [[hydraulic system]]s or the [[aircraft flight control system|flight control system]]. Other incidents have occurred where controls were not functioning correctly prior to take-off, either due to maintenance or pilot error, and controls can become inoperative from extreme weather conditions. Aircraft are not designed to be flown in such circumstances, however a small number of pilots have had some success in controlling aircraft with disabled controls.
==Control techniques==
Line 35:
*[[Philippine Airlines Flight 434]], a [[Boeing 747]], on 11 December 1994. The hydraulics were damaged by a bomb in the passenger cabin.<ref>[http://aviation-safety.net/database/record.php?id=19941210-0 Flight 934 - Aviation Safety Network] aviation-safety.net Retrieved: 1 June 2010.</ref>
*[[DHL shootdown incident in Baghdad]] on 22 November 2003. The [[Airbus A300]] DHL aircraft, hit by a [[surface-to-air missile]], was the first jet airliner to land safely without any hydraulics using only engine controls.<ref>[http://aviation-safety.net/database/record.php?id=20031122-0 Aviation Safety Network] aviation-safety.net Retrieved: 1 June 2010.</ref>
==Accidents involving experimental flights==
===Extreme cold===
[[File:XCO-5 and Lt Macready.JPG|thumb|left|alt=A monochrome photograph of a biplane parked on an airfield, with a man posed leaning against its fuselage with his hands in his pockets|The [[Engineering Division TP-1|XCO-5]], an experimental observation biplane flown in altitude tests]]
On October 10, 1928, U.S. Army photographer [[Albert William Stevens]] and Captain [[St. Clair Streett]], the chief of the U.S. [[Aeronautical Systems Center|Army Air Corps Materiel Division's Flying Branch]], flew the [[Engineering Division TP-1|XCO-5]] experimental biplane to achieve an unofficial altitude record for aircraft carrying more than one person: {{convert|37854|ft}}; less than {{convert|1000|ft}} short of the official single-person altitude record.<ref>National Aeronautics and Space Administration. [http://history.nasa.gov/Timeline/1925-29.html Aeronautics and Astronautics Chronology, 1925–1929.] Retrieved on January 3, 2010.</ref> Stevens snapped photographs of the ground below, warmed by electrically heated mittens and many layers of clothing. At that height the men measured a temperature of {{convert|-78|F|0|adj=on}}, cold enough to freeze the aircraft controls.<ref name=PopularScience/> When Stevens was finished with his camera, Streett found that the aircraft's controls were rendered immobile in the cold, with Streett unable to reduce throttle for descent. The aircraft's engine continued to run at the high power level necessary for maintaining high altitude. Streett contemplated diving at full power, but the XCO-5 was not built for such strong maneuvers—its wings could have sheared off. Instead, Streett waited until fuel was exhausted and the engine sputtered to a stop, after which he piloted the fragile aircraft down in a gentle glide and made a [[deadstick landing]].<ref name=PopularScience/> An article about the feat appeared in ''[[Popular Science]]'' in May 1929, entitled "Stranded—Seven Miles Up!"<ref name=PopularScience>Armagnac, Alden P. ''Popular Science'', May 1929. [http://books.google.com/books?id=bCoDAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA22&lpg=PA22 "Stranded—Seven Miles Up!"] Retrieved on November 22, 2009.</ref>
{{clear}}
===Maintenance/pilot error===
| |||