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'''ESC/Java''' (and more recently '''ESC/Java2'''), the "Extended Static Checker for Java," is a [[programming tool]] that attempts to find common [[run-time error]]s in [[Java (programming language)|Java]] programs at [[compile time]]<ref>C. Flanagan, K.R.M. Leino, M. Lillibridge, G. Nelson, J. B. Saxe and R. Stata. "Extended static checking for Java". In ''Proceedings of the Conference on Programming Language Design and Implementation'', pages 234--245, 2002. doi: http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/512529.512558</ref>. The underlying approach used in ESC/Java is referred to as [[extended static checking]], which is a collective name referring to a range of techniques for [[static code analysis|statically checking]] the correctness of various program constraints. For example, that an integer variable is greater-than-zero, or lies between the [[bounds checking|bounds of an array]]. This technique was pioneered in ESC/Java (and
ESC/Java is neither [[soundness|sound]] nor [[completeness|complete]]. This was intentional and aims to reduce the number of errors and/or warnings reported to the programmer, in order to make the tool more useful in practice. However, it does mean that: firstly, there are programs that ESC/Java will erroneously consider to be incorrect (known as ''false-positives''); secondly, there are incorrect programs it will consider to be correct (known as ''false-negatives''). Examples in the latter category include errors arising from [[modular arithmetic]] and/or [[Thread (computer science)|multithreading]].
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* [http://web.archive.org/web/20051208055447/http://research.compaq.com/SRC/esc/ Extended Static Checking for Java] from the [[Internet Archive]]
* [http://kind.ucd.ie/products/opensource/ESCJava2/ ESC/Java2]
* [ftp://gatekeeper.dec.com/pub/DEC/SRC/research-reports/abstracts/src-rr-159.html SRC-RR-159 Extended Static Checking. - David L. Detlefs, K. Rustan M. Leino, Greg Nelson, James B. Saxe]
* [http://web.archive.org/web/20010228175138/research.compaq.com/SRC/esc/escm3/download.html Extended Static Checking Modula-3] from the [[Internet Archive]]
* [http://www.researchchannel.org/prog/displayevent.aspx?rID=2761&fID=345 Extended Static Checking] Computer Science & Engineering Colloquia. University of Washington. 1999.
[[Category:2002 introductions]]
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