Utente:FedeTomma/Sandbox: differenze tra le versioni

Versione delle 17:39, 5 lug 2011

Versione delle 18:53, 5 lug 2011

Riga 7:

To that end, as the Allies began their post-war denazification efforts, the [[Psychological Warfare Division]] (PWD) of [[SHAEF]] (Supreme Headquarters Allied Expeditionary Force) undertook a psychological [[propaganda]] [[Political campaign|campaign]] for the purpose of developing a German sense of collective responsibility.<ref name="janowitz1946">[http://www.jstor.org/stable/2770938 Janowitz, 1946]</ref> The Public Relations and Information Services Control Group of the British Element of the Allied Control Commission began in 1945 to issue directives to officers in charge of producing newspapers and radio broadcasts for the German population to emphasize "the moral responsibility of all Germans for Nazi crimes."<ref>[http://books.google.com/books?id=FiyHJ8MiR1gC&pg=PA262&dq=collective+responsibility+german&sig=NHnIn8bNfr_WYo4F_AZ2Gea0cc0#PPA263,M1 Balfour, pg 263]</ref> Similarly, among U.S. authorities, such a sense of collective guilt was "considered a prerequisite to any long-term education of the German people."<ref name="janowitz1946" />

UsingUsando thesia la Germanstampa presstedesca, whichche wasera undersotto Alliedcontrollo controlalleato, assia wellmanifesti ased postersopuscoli andfu pamphlets,condotto un programma per mettere a programconoscenza acquaintingtutti ordinaryi Germanstedeschi withdi whatquello hadche takenera placesuccesso innei thecampi concentrationdi campsconcentramento; wasper conducted.esempio Forfurono examplediffusi usingdei postersmanifesti withche imagesrappresentavano ofdelle concentrationvittime campdei victimscampi coupleddi tosterminio, textaffiancate suchda astesti come "YOUTU ARESEI GUILTYCOLPEVOLE OFDI THISQUESTO!". <ref>[http://books.google.com/books?id=WOD9ncsixssC&pg=PA61&dq=%22You+are+guilty!!%22+Dachau&sig=ACfU3U3kdP54-NrK_ypCOHQH5Bxm9168AQ Marcuse pg 61]</ref><ref>[http://pubs.socialistreviewindex.org.uk/isj77/maitles.htm Book Review of ''[[Hitler's Willing Executioners]]''</ref> oro "TheseQueste atrocities:atrocità Yoursono Guiltcolpa tua!!".<ref>Eric Voegelin, Brenden Purcell "Hitler and the Germans", Footnote 12, p.5 "In the summer of 1945, the Allies publicly displayed horrifying posters and reports from the Dachau and Belsen concentratrion camps with the accusatory headline 'Diese Schandtaten: Eure Schuld!' ("These atrocities: Your guilt!). See Christoph Klessmann, Die doppelte Staatsgrundung:Deutsche Geschichte, 1945-1955, p. 308</ref> AFurono numberanche ofgirati filmse showingdiffusi thenumerosi concentrationfilm campsche weremostravano madecampi anddi screened to the German public,concentramneto suchcome as "[[Death Mills|Die Todesmühlen]]", releaseddiffuso innella the U.S.zona zoneamericana innel Januarygennaio 1946, ando "[[Welt im Film No. 5]]" indel Junegiugno 1945. AUn altro film thatche wasperò never finished due partly to delays and the existence of therimase otherincompiuto filmsfu was "[[Memory of the Camps]]". According to Sidney Bernstein, chief of PWD, the object of the film <blockquote>...was to shake and humiliate the Germans and prove to them beyond any possible challenge that these German crimes against humanity were committed and that the German people – and not just the Nazis and SS – bore responsibility.<ref>[http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/camp/faqs.html PBS Story]</ref></blockquote>

English writer [[James Stern]] recounted an example in a German town soon after the German surrender.

Riga 13:

[http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/journal/118695683/abstract?CRETRY=1&SRETRY=0 URL]</ref>

Il [[20 luglio]] 1945 - il primo anniversario del [[complotto del 20 luglio|fallito attentato a Hitler]] - non fu fatta menzione dell'evento, perché ricordare al popolo tedesco che c'era stata un'attiva [[resistenza tedesca|resistenza a Hitler in Germania]] avrebbe minato gli sforzi degli alleati di creare un senso si colpa collettivo nella popolazione tedesca.On July 20, 1945 — the first anniversary of the failed attempt to kill Hitler — no mention what-so ever was made of the event. This was because reminding the German population of the fact that there had been active German resistance to Hitler would undermine the Allied efforts to instill a sense of collective guilt in the German populace.<ref>Michael R. Beschloss, ''The Conquerors: Roosevelt, Truman and the Destruction of Hitler's Germany, 1941–1945'' ISBN 0-7432-4454-0 p.258 "At a moment when they were trying to establish a sense of collective guilt for Hitler's horrors, they did not wish to confuse the issue by reminding the world that some Germans had risked their lives, however belatedly and for whatever reasons, to stop the Fuhrer."</ref> (see also [[German resistance]])

Immediately upon the liberation of the concentration camps many German civilians were forced to see the conditions in the camps, bury rotting corpses and exhume mass-graves.<ref name="marcuse_p128">[http://books.google.com/books?id=WOD9ncsixssC&pg=RA2-PA427&dq=vansittartist&sig=9VDocDT8Lu1S9ij9RXl-DgH9gZw#PRA1-PA128,M1 Marcuse, pg 128]</ref> On threat of death or withdrawal of food, civilians were also forced to provide their belongings to former concentration camp inmates.<ref name="marcuse_p128" />

Riga 58:

==Today==

The late admission of famous German writer [[Günter Grass]], perceived by many as a protagonist of 'the nation's moral conscience', that he had been a member of the [[Waffen SS]] reminded the German public that, even more than sixty years after the [[Third Reich]] had ended, membership in Nazi organisations is still a taboo issue in public discourse. Statistically it is highly likely that there are many more Germans of Grass' generation (also called the "[[Flakhelfer]]-Generation") with biographies not unlike his, who have never found cause to reveal their wartime record in the context of total ideological blackout.<ref>[http://www.mut-gegen-rechte-gewalt.de/artikel.php?id=1&kat=91&artikelid=3504 Karen Margolis: ''Who wasn't a Nazi?'']</ref>

==La denazificazione in altri paesi==

La denazificazione non fu limitata alle sole Germania e Austria, infatti misure per la denazificazione furono attuate in ogni stato europeo che avesse avuto una forte presenza del partito nazista o [[Fascismo|fascista]]. In [[Francia]] questo processo fu chiamato ''épuration légale''. Inoltre, i [[prigionieri di guerra]] detenuti nei paesi alleati furono sottoposti a misure di denazificazione prima del loro rimpatrio.

La denazificazione fu praticata anche in molti paesi che erano stati occupati dalla Germania e in cui si erano insediati regimi [[ stato satellite|satelliti]] , come in [[Belgio]], in [[Norvegia]], in [[Grecia]] e in [[Yugoslavia]].

In Grecia, per esempio, a partire dal 1945 furono create delle corti speciali per processare gli ex [[collaborazionismo|collaborazionisti]], che condannarono anche i tre [[primo ministro|primi ministri]] greci filo-nazisti ([[Georgios Tsolakoglu]], [[Konstantinos Logothetopoulos]] e [[Ioannis Rallis]]) alla [[pena di morte]] o all'[[ergastolo]]. Tuttavia, a causa dello scoppio della [[guerra civile greca]], molti di essi furono rapidamente reintegrati nel governo fortemente anti-comunista del dopoguerra.

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