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Because FDTD is solved by propagating the fields forward in the time ___domain, the electromagnetic time response of the medium must be modeled explicitly. For an arbitrary response, this involves a computationally expensive time convolution, although in most cases the time response of the medium (or [[Dispersion (optics)]]) can be adequately and simply modeled using either the recursive convolution (RC) technique or the auxiliary differential equation (ADE) technique. An alternative way of solving [[Maxwell's equations]] that can treat arbitrary dispersion easily is the Pseudospectral Spatial-Domain method (PSSD), which instead propagates the fields forward in space.
== Truncation techniques for open problems==
The most used truncation techniques are the Mür's technique and the [[Perfectly Matched Layer]] / [[U-pml]] formulations.
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