Overdevelopment: Difference between revisions

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'''Overdevelopment''' refers to a way of seeing global inequality that focuses on the negative consequences of excessive consumption. It exists as the mutually constitutive counterpart to the more commonly known concept of '[[underdevelopment]]'.

In mainstream development theory, the existence of 'underdeveloped' states, regions or cultures is seen as a problem that needs to be solved. States, regions, cultures and people are considered 'underdeveloped' in that they do not adhere to [[Eurocentric]] ideals of rationality, progress, and modernity that are associated with the [[Age of Enlightenment|Enlightenment]]. In contrast, the framework of overdevelopment shifts the focus to the 'developed' countries of the global North, asking "questions about why excessive consumption amongst the affluent is not also seen foremost as an issue of development".<ref name="power">Power, Marcus, "Anti-racism, deconstruction and 'overdevelopment' ", ''Progress in Development Studies'', 2006; 6; 24</ref>

By questioning how and why uneven development is produced in the world, one can evaluate the global North’s role and responsibility as “overdevelopers” in producing global inequality. According to various surveys, consumption is seemingly not making people notably happy, but rather increasing the West's [[ecological footprint]].<ref>Barkin, Samuel J. "Trade, Sustainable Development and the Environment", ''Global Environmental Politics'' 3:4, November 2003</ref> Overdevelopment has a huge impact on the environment, the social realm, human rights, and the global economy. {{factCitation needed|date=May 2011}}

==Environmental implications==

Excessive consumption causes negative environmental impacts in both 'overdeveloped' and 'underdeveloped' regions. "Findings indicate that there are significant differences across countries of the world in the consumption quality of life of its citizens. Using the HDI, which is composed of longevity, knowledge, and standard of living, data reveal that lives worsen from west to east, with the worst conditions in South Asia and Sub-Saharan Africa. Additionally, environmental damage estimates, as determined by the EDI composite developed specifically for this investigation, demonstrate that wealthier nations create [[environmental degradation]] that is consistent with their higher consumption patterns rather than their absolute numbers."<ref>Hill, Ronald Paul, Peterson, Robert M., Dhanda, Kanwalroop Kathy, "Global Consumption and Distributive Justice: A Rawlsian Perspective", ''Human Rights Quarterly'' 23 (2001) 171-187, 2001.</ref>

===Post Colonial===

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==Responses==

Responses to overdevelopment include the [[de-growth]] movement, [[sustainable development]], anti-development and other local or indigenous resistance movements.

Indigenous movements such as the [[Aloha ʻAina]] movement and the [[Zapatista Army of National Liberation]] movement, often have their own concepts of development, overdevelopment, and [[sustainability]]. Their versions of these concepts overlap with those of environmental activism, but differ in many important ways, many of which relate to the ideal interrelation of humans and environment in the particular places in question.{{FactCitation needed|date=February 2008}}

==References==