Pulverized coal injection method: Difference between revisions

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'''Pulverized coal injection''' is a method for improving the performance of a [[blast furnace]].

==Background==

[[Iron]] is a fundamental metal forwhich has fundamentally affected the way of life for mostof human beings, asever itsince isthe abundant,[[Iron whichAge]]. resultsIt inis lowrelatively prices,abundant itand can easily be extracted, and is easily modified due to its useful material propertyproperties, all of which results in low prices. After the [[industrial revolution]] (18-19th century), iron became a core material of industrial marketmarkets, its importance was referred toreflected in the phrase “iron is nation”,; its productivityproduction was directly treatedregarded as itsan indication of national power. ThereforeEspecially after [[World War 2]], governments vigorously supported the growth of thea iron industrial market; as a consequence, the actionwhich significantly contributed and influencedto the development of thea global economy. ForIron itsis variousextracted uses,from ironits ore is extracted and [[smelt]]ed throughin the use ofa metallurgical furnace called a "[[Blast Furnace]]".

The Blastblast Furnacefurnace method is expected to survive forinto anotherthe 22nd century because of its efficient rate of iron production rate at competitive costs compared with other iron making methods. Blast furnaces keep on improving bywith adaptingadaptations witharising from new technologies resultingdriven from theby rising global demand, yet the main chemical process remains same. But process improvement ofcannot processsolve doesmany not mean solvingof the problems associated in uses ofwith blast furnacefurnaces. The rate of Ironiron production is highly influenced by fluctuations in the world economy which varies over the time, and improving the operationsoperational efficiency canof bethe consideredprocess oneis of major concernsconcern. for users of the blast furnaceHowever, however the biggest drawback of blast furnace operation is the inevitable [[carbon dioxide]] production from iron reduction processes, which is considered one of the major contributors in [[global warming]]. NowadaysAccordingly, the Pulverized Coal Injection (PCI) method is becoming an internationally popular method for improving blast furnace operation.

==Pulverized Coal Injection method==

Pulverized coal injection (PCI) method was developed in 19th century, but this method was not implemented tillindustrially until the 1970s. RiseRises in concernsthe duecost to increasedof [[coke]] cost due to competitionincreased from accumulatedglobal demand and thus more competition for ironthe productionresource andhave limiting resources,made this method was attractive to the iron makingproducing industries and increased its value.

The PCI method is based on the simple concept of primary air (termed asthe "conveying gas") carrying pulverized coal being injected through a lance to the [[tuyere]] (mid -bottom side inlet of a blast furnace), then mixed with secondary hot air (termed asthe "blast") supplied through a blowpipe in the tuyere and then piped to a furnace to create a balloon -like cavity called a “raceway”"raceway", which then propagates coal, and coke combustionscombustion and melts the solid iron ore, and reduces it toreleasing molten iron. The most remarkable propertyaspect of this method wasis that this methodit allows for cheaper coal to be consumed in the system to, replace expensive coke; as a result, it canthereby remarkably cutcuting down on costs. DueBecause toof teh severe environment inside the furnace, (>2000K), visual observationsobservation of raceway shape and size is impossible, therefore sensorsremotely regesteringmeasuring numberssensors are preferredused to investigate the chemical and physical reactions inside the furnace.

Better understanding of the raceway and PCI method can optimize the performance of a blast furnace and reduce its costcosts. InFurther recentimprovements years,to further improvement ofthe PCI method and the use of coal blend (mixing multiple different coals) injection methods are attracting industry.

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