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*'''NIU'''/'''NID'''s serve as the point of demarcation between the local exchange carrier network and the customer's premise. NIDs are required at the MPOE (minimum point of entry) which is typically in the basement, first floor telco room, garage, or even outside the building. NIUs are multi-functional devices, which include a protector block to prevent high-voltage surges from affecting premise equipment and inside wiring. It also usually allows the carrier to initiate a loop-test back from the central office to test the integrity of the local loop.
*A device that performs [[Network interface|interface]] functions, such as [[code conversion]], [[Communications protocol|protocol]] conversion, and buffering, required for [[information transfer|communications]] to and from a [[telecommunications network|network]].
*A device used primarily within a [[local area network]] (LAN) to allow a number of independent devices, with varying protocols, to communicate with each other.
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