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===Russia (including former Soviet Union)===
{{Main|Soviet spacecraft call signs}}
The first man in space, [[Yuri Gagarin]], was given the call sign ''
When the [[Voskhod programme|Voskhod]] multi-pilot spacecraft flew, the call sign was assigned to the command pilot, and this was suffixed with the number 2 or 3 to designate subordinate crew members by rank. On [[Voskhod 1]], command pilot [[Vladimir Komarov]] was ''Ruby 1'', flight engineer [[Konstantin Feoktistov]] was ''Ruby 2'', and medical doctor [[Boris Yegorov]] was ''Ruby 3''. On [[Voskhod 2]], command pilot [[Pavel Belyayev]] was ''Diamond 1'', and [[Alexey Leonov]], the first man to walk in space, was ''Diamond 2''.
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