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In the fall of 1986, Hopfield championed forming an interdisciplinary Ph.D. program was established at Caltech to study problems arising at the interface between neurobiology and electrical engineering, computer science and physics. It was called ''Computation and Neural Systems'' (CNS). Amongst the early founding faculty were [[Carver Mead]], [[John Hopfield]], David van Essen, Mark Konishi, John Allman, Ed Posner and [[Demetri Psaltis]]. In that year, the first external professor, [[Christof Koch]], was hired. The unifying theme of the program is the relationship between the physical structure of a computational system (physical or biological hardware), the dynamics of its operation and the computational problems that it can efficiently solve. The creation of this multidisciplinary program stems largely from progress on several previously unrelated fronts: the analysis of complex neural systems at both the single-cell and the network levels using a variety of techniques (in particular, patch-clamp recordings, intracellular and extra-cellular single and multi-unit electrophysiology in the awake animal and functional brain imaging techniques, such as fMRI), the theoretical analysis of nervous structures (computational neuroscience) and the modeling of artificial neural networks for engineering purposes. The program started out with a small number of existing faculty in the various divisions. In the same year, the first junior faculty ([[Christof Koch]]) was hired for the CNS program.
Since 1990, about 110 graduate students have been awarded a PhD in CNS and 14 a MS in CNS. About two-thirds of CNS graduates pursue an academic career, with the remaining CNS graduates joining start-up companies. Over this time, the average duration of PhD has been 5.6 years.
== Faculty ==
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