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Some of the most stringent requirements come from the newer generation of wireless base stations, where phase accuracy targets as low as 1us need to be maintained for correct operation. <ref>http://www.telecom-sync.com/pdf/2008/Day1/WCDMA_and_LTE_Synchronisation_Aspects_(Stefano_Rufini,_Ericsson).pdf</ref> However the need for accurate timing has been an integral part of the history of wireless communication systems, and it has been suggested that the search for reliable and cost effective timing soluctions was spurred on by the need for CDMA to compete with lower cost solutions. <ref>http://www.4timing.com/SyncGPS.pdf</ref>
Within the base station, besides standard functions, accurate timing and the means to maintain it through holdover is vitally important for services such as [[E911]]<ref>http://www.eetimes.com/design/communications-design/4213947/Understanding-the-concepts-of-synchronization-and-holdover</ref>
As mentioned above there are key applications for GPS derived timing in other critical infrastructure applications. One notable application where timing accuracy (and the means to maintain it through holdover) is of importance is in the use of [[Synchrophasor|Synchrophasors]] in the power industry to detect line faults. <ref>http://tf.nist.gov/general/pdf/2193.pdf</ref>
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