Mobile computer-supported collaborative learning: Difference between revisions

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{{New unreviewed article|source=ArticleWizard|date=November 2011}}

'''Mobile Computer Supported Collaborative Learning''' is

= Definition =

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= History =

Wireless-enabled handheld devices have been used as early as 2004 to facilitate collaborative learning. Devices such as PDA's and [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pocketpc PocketPC's ] traditionally lack cellular connectivity, but are capable of wireless connectivity. This connectivity enables collaborative learning through software-based, decision-making tools and shared display of learning material.

=== Elementary School Learners ===

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== Location-based Collaborative Mobile Games ==

[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Location-based_game Location-based mobile games] mediate play through the use of mobile devices at specified locations. Use of collaborative ___location-based games rely on the availability of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wireless wireless] or [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gps GPS] connections to enable players to receive and share game information. Rooted in the discipline of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geomatics geomatics], [http://geoeduc3d.scg.ulaval.ca/index.php?lg=en&id=1 geospatial games] prompt students to tackle environmental issues such as climate change and sustainable development^[11],[12] by situating collaborative play in outdoor spaces. One way to create ___location-based games is by creating social [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scavenger_hunt scavenger hunts] using the [http://scvngr.com/ SCVNGR software] on [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IOS iOS] and [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Android Android ] mobile devices.

=== Groundwater Survivor ===

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A mobile-device-supported [http://www.innovateonline.info/extra/definition2109.htm peer-assisted learning] (MPAL) system runs on [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tablet_personal_computer tablet PC] and is used to facilitate collaborative reading activities of elementary [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/English_as_a_foreign_or_second_language English as a foreign language] (EFL) learners. An MPAL system consists of a phonological-skills training module and a [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Self-_and_Peer-Assessment peer-assessment] module. Online helpers (typically more advanced students) can assist their peers in the peer-assessment module via Skype. While evaluating their peers' oral reading, online helpers identify mispronounced words by marking the words with a stylus. The MPAL system is then used to assess the readers' performance as a "fail" or "pass" based on the accuracy ratio provided. MPAL successfully promotes EFL learners' motivation to improve reading skills, and makes them engaged in reading activities; thereby ensuring that learners have timely online assistance anytime and anywhere.^[14]

== Collaborating in Discussion Boards on a Mobile Device ==

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An [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Audience_response#Audience_response_systems Audience Response System] (ARS) is a system in which learners are able to provide instantaneous feedback via a mobile device to questions posed by an instructor. After students submit feedback (typically to multiple choice or true-false questions), the instructor can display the submitted feedback anonymously in diagram form. Applications of ARS include administrative uses (i.e. taking attendance), [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Formative_assessment#Definition formative assessment] (i.e. what is the answer to this question?), and collaborative questions. ^[19] Given the potential of enhancing learning through the use of an ARS, many instructors have shown a keen interest in the collaborative application of the technology. One notable collaborative application of an ARS is a method called [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peer_Instruction Peer Instruction] (PI).

Developed by the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eric_mazur Eric Mazur ] and his group, PI emphasizes the interaction between students as a key component to the learning process. In a typical scenario, an instructor first provides new content in a short lecture. Students individually provide a response to the instructor's questions, then, afterwards, collaboratively discuss their answers in a small group before submitting group answers to the questions. Students' feedback is provided by a mobile device linked to an ARS. PI prescribes that the student interaction involves student defending their chosen answer so as to arrive eventually at a consensus for the group's response to the question.^[20] One other notable collaborative application of an ARS is the method, [http://a2l.physics.umass.edu/ Assessing-to-Learn] (A2L).

A2L takes a slightly different approach from PI with regard to learner collaboration. Instead of having learners debate each other for a group answer, the A2L method has learners working on a problem related to the question presented to the learners during a lecture. Once each group of learners has determined a method of solving the problem, they provide their response via the ARS. Afterwards, the instructor displays all group responses and facilitates a class discussion in which each group elaborates upon and defends their method to the other groups.^[21]

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# Johnson, L., Smith, R., Willis, H., Levine, A., and Haywood, K., (2011). The 2011 Horizon Report. Austin, Texas: The New Media Consortium.

# Zurita G. (2004). A constructivist mobile learning environment supported by a wireless handheld network. Journal of Computer Assisted Learning. 20(4), 235-243.

# Savill-Smith, C. & Kent, P. (2003). The use of palmtop computers for learning - A review of the literature. m-Learning.org Research Report, . retrieved October, 10, 2011, from http://www.m-learning.org/docs/the_use_of_palmtop_computers_for_learning_sept03.pdf

# Shields J and Poftak A (2002). A report card on handheld computing. Technology and Learning, 22 (7), 25–36.

# Cortez C. (2004). Teaching Science with Mobile Computer Supported Collaborative Learning (MCSCL). WMTE '04 Proceedings of the 2nd IEEE International Workshop on Wireless and Mobile Technologies in Education (WMTE'04) . , p.  67.

# Koji Yatani, Mayumi Onuma, Masanori Sugimoto, and Fusako Kusunoki (2004). Musex: a system for supporting children’s collaborative learning in a museum with PDAs. Systems and Computers in Japan, Vol. 35, No. 14.

# PRNewswire (2011, Feb). New Study Shows 'Intent' Behind Mobile Internet Use. retrieved 2011, Oct, 10, from PR Newswire Web Site: http://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/new-study-shows-intent-behind-mobile-internet-use-84016487.html

# Finn, Ruder (2011). Mobile Intent Index. retrieved 2011, Oct, 10, from Intent Index Web Site: http://www.intentindex.com/mobile/

# Project Tomorrow (2011). The New 3 E's of Education: Enabled - Engaged - Empowered. How Today's Educators are Advancing a New vision for Teaching and Learning. Speak Up 2010 National Findings. K-12 Teachers, Librarians & Administrators. May 2011, from Tomorrow.org Web Site: http://www.tomorrow.org/speakup/pdfs/SU10_3EofEducation_Educators.pdf

# eSchool News. (2011) School Technology Action Report : Everything You Need to Know About Mobile Tech and Your Schools. eSchool Media, Inc, from eSchoolnews.com Web Site: http://www.eschoolnews.com/wp-content/blogs.dir/2/files/2011/09/mobile_star.pdf

# Barma, S. & Daniel, S. (2011). Mind your game, game your mind! Mobile gaming for co-constructing knowledge. In T. Bastiaens & M. Ebner (Eds.), Proceedings of World Conference on Educational Multimedia, Hypermedia and Telecommunications 2011 (pp. 324-334 324–334). Chesapeake, VA: AACE.

# Daniel, S. (2011). Geomatics for gaming and learning. retrieved Oct 10, 2011, from GeoEduc3D Web Site: http://geoeduc3d.scg.ulaval.ca/index.php?lg=en

# Wallace, P. (2011). Student-Community Collaboration to Construct Mobile Learning Games. Educause Quarterly, Vol. 34, No. 3.

# Yu-Ju Lan, Yao-Ting Sung, and Kuo-En Chang (2007) A mobile-device-supported peer-assisted learning system for collaborative early EFL reading. Language Learning & Technology, Vol. 11, p. 130 – 151

# W. Y Hwang; J. H Su; J. L Hsu; H. J Huang (2010). A study on ubiquitous computer supported collaborative learning with hybrid mobile discussion forum. IJMLO - International Journal of Mobile Learning and Organisation, Volume 4, p. 98 - 112.

# Mac Callum,K. (2008). Mobile technology in collaboration: evaluation of a web-based discussion board. IJMLO - International Journal of Mobile Learning and Organisation, Volume 2, p. 318 - 328.

# Roschelle, J., & Pea, R. (2002). A walk on the WILD side: How wireless handhelds may change computer-supported collaborative learning. International Journal of Cognition and Technology, 1(1), 145-168.

# Huang, Y.-M., Jeng, Y.-L., & Huang, T.-C. (2009). An Educational Mobile Blogging System for Supporting Collaborative Learning. Educational Technology & Society, 12 (2), 163–175.

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# Dufresne, R. J., & Gerace, W. J. (2004). Assessing-To-Learn: Formative Assessment in Physics Instruction. The Physics Teacher, 42, 428. doi:10.1119/1.1804662

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