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The main seasonal influence upon the climate is the [[monsoon]]. Maximum rainfall occurs during the monsoon in August (306 [[millimetre|mm]]) and the average annual total is 1,582mm. Early morning mists are common. Evening [[smog]] often occurs due to night temperature inversions and mixing heights are generally restricted to below 500 m during the night. Summer is dominated by strong southwesterly monsoon winds. Mean ventilation coefficients are greatest in the pre-monsoon (8,118 m2s-1) and monsoon (7,410 m2s-1) periods. Total duration of sunshine is 2,528 hours per annum with maximum sunlight occurring in March.<ref>[http://www.ess.co.at/GAIA/CASES/IND/CAL/CALmain.html#clim GAIA article]</ref>. Often during early summer, spells of thunderstorm and heavy rains lashes the city, bringing some relief from the humid heat. These thunderstorms are locally known as ''Kalbaishakhi'' (Nor-wester).
[[Image:PIA01844_modest_rotated.jpg|
===Urban structure===
▲[[Image:PIA01844_modest_rotated.jpg|right|thumb|A Radar image of Kolkata illustrating different urban land use patterns, showing an area 10 km by 30 km, the north is toward the upper left]]
Kolkata is an unplanned city and with an area of 185 square km2, the city proper (under the Kolkata municipal corporation) is not very large. However, the city has continuously expanded on its seams and today, the urban agglomeration (Kolkata Metropolitan District) comprises 157 postal areas and is formally administered by several local governments, including 38 [[Kolkata neighbourhoods|local municipalities]], 72 cities and 527 towns and villages.<ref>[http://www.metropolis.org/Data/Files/438_007_Kolkata_ENG.pdf Metropolis.org. "Kolkata (India)" p.2]</ref> The suburban areas of Kolkata metropolitan district incorporates parts of the districts [[North 24 Parganas]], [[South 24 Parganas]], [[Howrah District|Howrah]], [[Hooghly District|Hooghly]] and [[Nadia District|Nadia]].
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