Peshitta: differenze tra le versioni

Versione delle 15:23, 16 set 2006

Versione delle 18:13, 18 set 2006

Riga 11:

== Storia ==

[[Image:Peshitta464.jpg|right|thumb|Il testo della Peshitta textdi of [[Exodus]]Esodo 13:,14-16 produced in [[Diyarbakir|Amida]] in the year [[464]].]]

La traduzione dell'[[Antico Testamento]] in lingua siriaca fu realizzata in [[Siria]] nel I secolo d.C. ad opera di Giudei o Giudeo-cristiani.

Over the centuries Syriac received many Bible translations. The principal Syriac translation of the [[Old Testament]] was carried out by Jews or Jewish Christians during the first two centuries AD.

La prima traduzione del [[Nuovo Testamento]] in siriaco è il cosiddetto [[Diatesseron]], cioè '(un vangelo) attraverso quattro (vangeli)', realizzata dal cristiano [[Taziano]] nel 165-170. Si tratta di un testo unico e lineare che cerca di armonizzare le quattro narrazioni dei singoli Vangeli. Per alcuni secoli tale testo fu il vangelo ufficiale della chiesa di Siria. Il teologo Efrem Siro ne scrisse un commentario in prosa. Nel 423 il vescovo [[Teodoreto]] ne impose l'abbandono in favore dell'adozione dei quattro vangeli come avveniva per tutte le altre chiese cristiane. Teodoreto ordinò la distruzione delle copie esistenti del Diatesseron, che ci è pertanto noto solo in maniera indiretta attraverso il commentario di Efrem.

The earliest New Testament translation into Syriac was probably [[Tatian]]'s [[Diatessaron]] ('one through four'). The Diatessaron, written about AD [[165]], was a continuous harmony of the four [[gospels]] into a single narrative. It, rather than the four separate gospels, became the official Syriac Gospel for a time, and received a beautiful prose commentary by [[Ephrem the Syrian]]. However, the Syriac-speaking church was urged to follow the practice of other churches and use the four separate gospels. [[Theodoret]], bishop of [[Cyrrhus]] on the [[Euphrates]] in upper Syria in [[423]], sought out and found more than two hundred copies of the Diatessaron, which he 'collected and put away, and introduced instead of them the Gospels of the four evangelists'.

The early Syriac versions of both Old and New Testament with the four gospels, excluding the Diatessaron, is called the ''Old Syriac'' (''Vetus Syra'') version. The Old Syriac Old Testament was probably based extensively on the Aramaic Targums, but little evidence survives today. There are two manuscripts of the Old Syriac separate gospels (Syra Sinaiticus and Syra Curetonianus). These are clearly based on the Greek text, and the so-called 'Western' recension of it. The Syriac of these manuscripts shows some influence of West [[Aramaic language|Aramaic]], a related language. It is thought that the separate gospels circulated in a Christian Palestinian dialect of Aramaic during the period that the Diatessaron circulated in the Syriac community. These source gospels, if they existed at all, were translations from [[Koine Greek]], except see [[Aramaic primacy]]. There is also evidence that translations of the [[Acts of the Apostles]] and the [[Pauline epistles]] also existed in the Old Syriac version, though according to [[Eusebius]]' ''Ecclesiastical History'' 4.29.5, Tatian himself rejected them.