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'''Fractional lambda switching''' (FλS) <ref>[http://www.mario-baldi.net M. Baldi], [http://dit.unitn.it/ofek/ Y. Ofek], "[http://staff.polito.it/mario.baldi/publications/icc2002.pdf Fractional Lambda Switching]," IEEE International Conference on Communications (ICC2002), Optical Networking Symposium, New York, NY, USA, Apr. 2002, pp. 2692-2696.</ref><ref name="mario-baldi">{{Citation
| last1 = Baldi | first1 = M.
| authorlink1 = http://www.mario-baldi.net
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| authorlink2 = http://dit.unitn.it/ofek
| title = Fractional Lambda Switching - Principles of Operation and Performance Issues
| journal = SIMULATION: Transactions of
| volume = 80
| issue = 10
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</ref><ref>D. Agrawal, [http://www.mario-baldi.net M. Baldi], M. Corrà, G. Fontana, T. H. Truong, G. Marchetto, V. T. Nguyen, [http://dit.unitn.it/ofek/ Y. Ofek], D. Severina, O. Zadedyurina, "[http://staff.polito.it/mario.baldi/publications/2007ICC_TDS_Prototype.pdf Scalable Switching Testbed not 'Stopping' the Serial Bit Stream]," IEEE International Conference on Communications (ICC 2007), Optical Networks and Systems Symposium, Glasgow (Scotland, UK), June 2007. Recipient of the Best Paper Award.</ref>. The TF is the basic [[synchronous virtual pipe|SVP]] capacity allocation unit; hence, the allocation granularity depends on the number of TFs per time cycle. For example, with a 10 Gb/s optical channel and 1000 TFs in each time cycle, the minimum FλP capacity (obtained by allocating one TF in every time cycle) is 10 Mb/s.
Scheduling through a switching fabric is based on a pre-defined schedule, which enables the implementation of a simple controller. Moreover, low-complexity switching fabric architectures, such as Banyan, can be deployed notwithstanding their blocking features, thus further enhancing scalability. In fact, blocking can be avoided during schedule computation by avoiding conflicting input/output connections during the same TF. Several results show that (especially if multiple wavelength division multiplexing channels are deployed on optical links between fractional λ switches) high link utilization can be achieved with negligible blocking using a Banyan network without speedup <ref>Donato Grieco, Achille Pattavina and Yoram Ofek, "Fractional Lambda Switching for Flexible Bandwidth Provisioning in WDM Networks: Principles and Performance", Photonic Network Communications, Issue: Volume 9, Number 3, Date: May 2005, Pages: 281 - 296</ref><ref name="mario-baldi" />
</ref>.
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