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==INTRODUCTION==
'''Transparent LED-embedded glass''' is a new [[composite material]] containing [[light-emitting diode]]s (LEDs). It is used as building material and as glass type for many different products. This new technology enables materials, new applications in electronics and architecture. Due to the use of a cold curing pick and place process, this technology is also related to electronics manufacturing and electronics engineering. This article is focusing on published<ref>[http://www.sun-tec.ch/downloads/gpd2009shavit.pdf | Download Article: D. Shavit, Transparent Electronic Interlayers, Proceedings of GPD Glass Performance Days, June 2009, pp. 177–180]</ref><ref>[http://www.sun-tec.ch/downloads/glassonline052007.pdf | Download article: D. Shavit; Developments of LEDs and SMD Electronics on transparent conductive polyesterfilms, Vacuum International 1/2007, Page 34-36]</ref> specifications enabling [[building material]]s which will meet security and legislation aspects of [[laminated glass]].
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<gallery>
File:LEDGLASS1.jpg|LED embedded film for semitransparent glass application
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</gallery>
==COMPOSITE SPECIFICATION==
The LED–glass composite material may consist of using transparent metallized glass<ref>Hahn, T., EP0900971A1 [http://v3.espacenet.com/publicationDetails/biblio?DB=EPODOC&adjacent=true&locale=en_EP&FT=D&date=19990310&CC=EP&NR=0900971A1&KC=A1 "Lighting device containing LEDs on glass"]</ref> as electricity conductor. In this case the final composite specification will be:
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* '''Bottom layer:'''...Metallised bottom glass
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The transparent thermoplastic material will usually show a quite similar light refractive index compared to glass. Typical thermoplastics used in the glass industry to produce these type of security glazings will consist of Thermoplastic Polyurethane<ref>Bayer Inc., US2006135728 [http://v3.espacenet.com/publicationDetails/biblio?CC=JP&NR=2006169536A&KC=A&FT=D&date=20060629&DB=EPODOC&locale=en_EP "Thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) having good adhesion to glass "]</ref> (TPU), Ethyl-Vinyl-Acetate<ref>Bridgestone Inc., DE4308885(B4) [http://v3.espacenet.com/publicationDetails/biblio?CC=DE&NR=4308885A1&KC=A1&FT=D&date=19930923&DB=EPODOC&locale=en_EP "Laminated glass with thermoset film of (meth)acrylate or hydrocarbon resin – containing EVA and organic peroxide for high impact strength, penetration resistance and transparency"]</ref> (EVA) or Poly-Vinyl-Butyral<ref>Solutia Inc., WO03057478 [http://v3.espacenet.com/publicationDetails/biblio?DB=EPODOC&adjacent=true&locale=en_EP&FT=D&date=20080320&CC=IL&NR=162701A&KC=A "GLASS LAMINATION PROCESS AND APPARATUS"]</ref> (PVB).
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The specification mentioned above will typically be produced in following steps:
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* '''Bottom layer:'''..Glass
Within this last specification mentioned above, the 2 thermoplastic layers together with the LED interlayer will reach a total thickness of about 2 mm. The usually very economical PVB is the most used [[Laminated glass|lamination interlayer]]. Its lamination is based on a nip roller pre-heating step followed by an autoclaving process with a final stage ideally below 125 °C and 14 athmospheres. However, polyester has a better adhesion to [[Thermoplastics polyurethanes (TPU)|TPU]], to [[Ethylene-vinyl acetate|EVA]] or to EVASafe[http://www.bridgestone.com/products/diversified/evasafe/index.html EVASAfe], which are often laminated using simple vacuum tables. EVASafe contain some hygroscopic crosslinking agent, which will allow its partial crosslinking to active sites of the substrates. TPU may be used up to 125 °C. EVASafe should be used below 110 °C. These transparent conductive thermoplastics may also be used for [[Transparent_heating_film|transparent heating]] of glass laminates.
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