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There is a wide range of types of Schematic knowledge but Schema are generally defined as mental information networks that represent some aspect of world knowledge. Frederick Bartlett was the first psychologist to propose Schematic theory, suggesting that the individual's understanding of the world is influenced by elaborate neural networks that organize abstract information and concepts<ref name=Bartlett/>. Schema are fairly consistent and become strongly internalized on the individual level through [[Socialization]] and the acquisition of personal perceptual experience.
Bartlett originally tested his idea of the individually relative nature of recall by presenting a group of participants with foreign folk tales (his most famous being "War of the Ghosts"<ref>[http://cla.calpoly.edu/~dlvalenc/PSY307/LINKS/GHOSTWAR.HTM "War of the Ghosts", March 5, 2012]</ref>) with which they had no previous experience with. After presentation of the story, he tested their ability to recall and summarize the stories at various points after presentation to newer generations of participants. His findings showed that the participants could provide a simple summary but had difficulty recalling the story accurately, with the participants' own account generally being shorter and manipulated in such a way that aspects of the original story that were unfamiliar or conflicting to the participants' own schematic knowledge were removed or altered in a way to fit into more individually accepted versions<ref>[http://iscte.pt/~fgvs/Bartlett,%20Experiments.pdf "Frederick Bartlett", Some Experiments on the Reproduction of Folk-Stories, March 30, 1920]</ref>. For instance, allusions made to magic and Native American mysticism that were in the original version were omitted as they failed to fit into the average Westerner schematic network. In addition, after several recounts of the story had been made by successive generations of participants, there had been embellished aspects of the recalled tale that were more consistent with the participants' cultures than the original text (e.g. Emphasis placed on one of the characters desire to return to care for his dependent elderly mother). These findings lead Bartlett to conclude that recall is predominately a ''reconstructive'' rather than ''reproductive'' process.
==Applications==
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