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- Suffix effect, removes the recency effect by adding a meaningless item at the end of a memory set. For visual stimuli, adding a meaningless item, whether or not it is visually similar to the memory set, will remove the recency effect. For auditory stimuli, only adding a meaningless item that is phonologically similar works to remove the recency effect. Those that are phonologically different (e.g. A, Q) will not have this effect <ref name=Parmienterr />
====Stimuli Grouping Effects====
- Spatial Grouping refers to items in the memory set being grouped spatially (e.g. item's 1,2,3 are in the top right corner and item's 4,5,6 are in the bottom left corner). The longer the spatial pathway from item to item, the slower the recall and lower the accuracy. Item's that have a small spatial pathway between them are remembered better and recalled faster <ref name=Parmentier />
- Temporal Grouping refers to items in the member set being presented temporally (e.g. item's 1,2,3 are presented simultaneously and then 5 seconds later item's 4,5,6 are presented simultaneously). When item's are grouped temporally, the accuracy of recall is higher than when they are not grouped as so. As well, evidence for participants created groupings even when items are not temporally grouped (e.g. recall RT's peak at 1st,4th,7th items)
====Other Errors====
====Processing in Atypical Individuals====
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