Buildings and structures in Sheffield: Difference between revisions

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'''Buildings and structures in Sheffield''' have been constructed over a time-span ranging from the 13th century to the present day. However, the majority of [[Sheffield]]'s older buildings were built during the [[Industrial Revolution]]., with a large Manynumber of Sheffield's medieval buildings were demolished in the 19th century, and; some older buildings were also lost during the [[Sheffield Blitz]]. Sheffield hascan only lay claim to five Grade I [[listed buildings]], two of which are in the city centre.

The oldest structure is [[Beauchief Abbey]], which is now a [[ruin]] and dates back to the 12th century., Thewhilst the oldest ''complete'' structure is [[Sheffield Cathedral]], parts of which date back to the 13th century. TheIn 78relation metreto height, the 78-meter [[Arts Tower]] was the tallest completed building in the citySheffield until the St Pauls tower (City Lofts) project was finishedcompleted in 2011.

==History==

===Pre -19th century===

At the time of the [[Norman Conquest]] Sheffield was a small [[hamlet]]. It was dominated by a wooden [[long house]] occupied by the [[Waltheof, 1st Earl of Northampton|lordLord of Hallam]], which then subsequently became the site for the 2two [[Sheffield Castle|castles]].

The [[Domesday Book]], which William the Conqueror ordered to be written so that the value of the townships and manors of England could be assessed, mentions :-

:'''''LANDS OF ROGER DE BUSLI'''''

:''In Hallam, one manor with its sixteen hamlets, there are twenty-nine carucates [~14 km²] to be taxed. There Earl Waltheof had an "Aula" [hall or court]....

In the 12th century this was replaced with a wooden motte -and -bailey castle. became the replacement and Beauchief Abbey was built 4 miles south-west of what was nowthen a well -established town. When thethis castle was destroyed in the year 1260 it was replaced with a stone castle, which would stand until the [[English Civil War]].

In November 2005, the [[University of Sheffield]]´'s archaeological consultancyconsultant, ARCUS, unearthed a [[medievalMedieval]] well of over three metres in depthdeep in the [[sandstone]] bedrock beneath Carmel House on Fargate.<ref name="Media Centre">{{cite web|title=City centre dig unearths secrets of medieval Sheffield|url=http://www.shef.ac.uk/mediacentre/2005/485.html|work=University of Sheffield|accessdate=27 December 2011}}</ref> The Sheffield city centre site was being excavated as part of a redevelopment project. Pottery found in the well suggests that it was in use by 1300 AD, and had been filled in around the time of the [[English Civil War]]. The uncovered number of Medieval pots included jugs made in the Hallgate area of neighbouring [[Doncaster]] and other items from the [[Humber Estuary]].

This discovery washas been saidshown to offer significant evidence relating to the medievalMedieval town of Sheffield, then still a small market town, before its growth during the subsequent Industrial Revolution. Dating of the well indicates that it was probably dug around the time of the rebuildingstone reconstruction of [[Sheffield Castle]] in stone, in 1270 and the granting of Sheffield's Market Charter by [[Edward I of England|Edward I]] in 1296.

Pottery found in the well, suggests that it was in use by 1300 AD, and had been filled in around the time of the [[English Civil War]]. Medieval pots included jugs made in the Hallgate area of neighbouring [[Doncaster]] and other items from the [[Humber Estuary]].

This discovery was said to offer significant evidence relating to the medieval town of Sheffield, still a small market town, before its growth during the subsequent Industrial Revolution. Dating of the well indicates that it was probably dug around the time of the rebuilding of [[Sheffield Castle]] in stone, in 1270 and the granting of Sheffield's Market Charter by [[Edward I of England|Edward I]] in 1296.

Due to the conditions in the well, animal bones, plant remains (possibly including microscopic pollen grains) have been preserved and will be analysed the University's Department of Archaeology laboratories.