Logogen model: Difference between revisions

Revision as of 14:35, 2 April 2012

Revision as of 04:42, 23 April 2012

Line 1:

{{multiple issues|orphan=December 2007|no footnotes=December 2008}}

The '''logogen model''' of 1969 is a model of [[speech recognition]] that uses units called "logogens" to explain how humans comprehend spoken or written words. Logogens are a vast number of specialized recognition units, each able to recognize one specific word. This model provides for the effects of context on [[word recognition]].

== Overview ==

Line 39:

* [[checking model]]{{spaced ndash}}This model was developed by Norris{{who|date=February 2012}} in 1986. In this particular model, he took the approach that any word that partially matches the input is analyzed and checked to see if it fits with the context of the situation.

* [[interactive activation model|interactive-activation model]]{{spaced ndash}}This model is considered a connectionist model. Proposed by McClelland and Rumelhurt{{who|date=February 2012}} in the 1981 to 1982 period, it is based around [[node]]s, which are visual features, and positions of letters within a given word. They also act as word detectors which have inhibitory and excitatory connections between them. This model starts with first letter and suggests that all the words with that first letter are activated at first and then going through the word one can determine what the word is they are looking at. The main principle is that mental phenomena can be described by interconnected networks of simple units.

* [[verification model]]{{spaced ndash}}The model was developed by [[Curtis Becker]] in 1970. The main idea is that a small number of candidates that are activated in parallel are subject to a serial-verification process. This model starts the word-recognition process with a basic representation of the stimulus. Then, sensory trace, consisting of line features is used to activate word detectors. When an acceptable number of detectors are activated these are used to generate a search set. These items are drawn from the lexicon on the basis of similarity to the sensory trace, which help with the identity of the stimulus. Then, in a serial process the candidates are compared to the representation of the sensory-trace input.

Line 56:

== References ==

{{div col|colwidth=30em}}

* [[Peter D. Eimas|Eimas, Peter]]; Miller, Joanne (1983). ''Perspectives on the Study of Speech''. [[Lawrence Erlbaum Associates]]. p.  274.

* Feldman (undated). [http://www.ling.ohio-state.edu/~afeldman/371/internal_lexicon2_4up.pdf Cohort Model. In The Internal Lexicon, Part II] ([[Portable Document Format|PDF format]]; [[Adobe Acrobat]] required). Retrieved December 5, 2007.

* Hernandez, A. (2007). [http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=psyh&AN=2007-09203-004&loginpage=Login.asp&site=ehost-live]. ''[[Psychological Bulletin]]''. Vol.133 (4) pp. 638–650. Retrieved December 1, 2007.

Line 63:

* Milton, N. (undated). [http://www.epistemics.co.uk/staff/nmilton/papers/word-recognition.htm Word Recognition]. Retrieved December 5, 2007.

* Morrison, C.; Ellis, A. [http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=pdh&AN=xlm-21-1-116&loginpage=Login.asp&site=ehost-live "Roles of Word Frequency"]. ''[[Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition]]''. Vol.21 (1). pp. 116–133. Retrieved December 3, 2007.

* [[David Payne (psychologist)|Payne, David]]; [[Michael Wenger (psychologist)|Wenger, Michael]] (1998). ''Cognitive Psychology''. Boston, Massachusetts: [[Houghton Mifflin Company]]. pp.  339–340.

* Polk, T.; Seifert, C. (undated). [http://books.google.com/books?id=FJblV_iOPjIC&pg=PA21&lpg=PA21&dq=norris's+checking+model&source=web&ots=zWLp8gJWZP&sig=qewzXQ0iq4NFzhj5P9-ArmpaaAY#PPA19,M1 Cognitive Modeling]. (via [[Google Books]]). Retrieved December 5, 2007.

* [[David Rumelhart|Rumelhart, David E.]]; [[James McClelland (psychologist)|McClelland, James L.]] (1985). [http://www-psych.stanford.edu/~jlm/papers/PublicationFiles/80-89_Add_To_ONLINE_Pubs/RumelhartMcClelland85LevelsIndeed!.pdfLevels Indeed! A Response to Broadbent]. Vol. 114 (2). pp. 193–197. Retrieved December 2, 2007.

* Underwood, G.; Batt, V. (undated). [http://books.google.com/books?id=uW8wRIzwXsC&pg=PA69&lpg=PA69&dq=becker's+verification+model&source=web&ots=5iXZ4kbbfB&sig=cmseVV3S3d0qPbsRKQadniVkv98#PPA37,M1 "Chapter 2: Cognitive Processes in Word Recognition"] (via [[Google Books]]). In ''Reading and Understanding: An Introduction to the Psychology of Reading''. pp. 37–70. Retrieved December 5, 2007.

* [http://www.bbc.co.uk/dna/h2g2/A650620 Dyslexia and the Mental Lexicon].

* {{dead link|date=February 2012}} (undated). [http://www.lifesci.sussex.ac.uk/home/Alan_Garnham/Teaching/LTM/visword.ppt#256,1,LANGUAGE,THINKINGANDMEMORY Language, Thinking, and Memory]. Retrieved December 5, 2007.

* (undated). [http://www2.let.uu.nl/UiLOTS/Lexicon/zoek.pl?lemma=Logogen+model&lemmaode=1235 The Logogen Model. Search the Lexicon]. Retrieved December 5, 2007.