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===Multilevel Modeling versus Structural Equation Modeling (SEM; Latent Growth Model)===
An alternative method of growth curve analysis is [[Latent growth modeling|latent growth curve modeling]] using [[structural equation modeling]] (SEM). This approach will provide the same estimates as the multilevel modeling approach, provided that the model is specified identically in SEM. However, there are circumstances in which either MLM or SEM are preferable:<ref name=hox /><ref name=cohen />
:'''Multilevel modeling approach:'''
::*For designs with a large number of unequal intervals between time points (
::*When there are many data points per subject
::*When the growth model is nested in additional levels of analysis (i.e. hierarchical structure)
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