*#REDIRECT [[List of grandmasters for chess composition]] ▼{{Merge|chess problem|date=May 2009}}
{{Unreferenced stub|auto=yes|date=December 2009}}
A '''chess composer''' is a person who creates [[Endgame study|endgame studies]] or [[chess problem]]s. He usually specializes in a particular [[genre]], e.g. endgame studies, [[twomover]]s, [[threemover]]s, [[moremover]]s, [[helpmate]]s, [[selfmate]]s, [[fairy chess|fairy problem]]s. Moreover, every composer has his own preferred style of composing, allowing his sorting according to so-called composition schools.
Some chess composers produce huge numbers of chess compositions, while others try to achieve as much quality as possible and present new works only rarely.
It is possible for chess composers to gain official [[FIDE]] [[title]]s, usually for a given number of problems published in [[FIDE Album]]s. For example, [[Milan Vukcevich]] was an [[Grandmaster of the FIDE for Chess Compositions|International Grandmaster]] of Chess Composition, as well as an [[International Master]] player.
The [[Permanent Commission of the FIDE for Chess Compositions|PCCC]] ''(Permanent Commission for Chess Composition)'' is a branch of [[FIDE]] regulating the awarding of titles such as International Grandmaster, International master, Master FIDE and International Judge for chess composition.
==Schools of composition==
'''Composition school''' in chess composition is a particular style of creating chess problems, putting emphasis on different aspects of the problem contents and attracting interest of important number of chess composers. The best known composition schools, as they evolved historically, are:
* [[old German school]] put emphasis on complexity and difficulty of solution and [[model mate]] in the main [[Variation (chess)|variation]], the most suitable genres were [[fourmover]]s and fivemovers,
* [[Bohemian school]] puts emphasis on artistic beauty and number of variations finished by model mates, the most suitable genres were [[threemover]]s and fourmovers,
* [[English school (chess composition)|English school]] demanded dual-free play in all variations and put emphasis on varied [[motivation (chess composition)|motivation]] in high number of variations,
* [[American school (chess composition)|American school]] puts emphasis on originality and presence of surprising elements in the solution,
* [[new German school]] (also known as ''logical school'') requires logical structure of solution and purity (or economy) of [[aim (chess composition)|aim]], the longer genres are more suitable,
* [[new Bohemian school]] combines requirements of new German school and Bohemian school,
* [[strategical school]] puts emphasis on complexity of motivation in high number of variations, both defence and harmful [[motif (chess composition)|motif]]s should be unified whenever possible, mostly in [[twomover]]s and threemovers,
* [[Soviet school]] is highly developed level of strategic school,
* [[new-strategical school]] requires changes of variations or move functions between [[phase of play|phases]],
* [[Slovak school]] requires changes of motifs between phases.
Besides clearly attributable chess problems there are many ones that might be attributed to none of these or to more of them. Today, many chess composers do work in the area of multiple schools regularly.
== See also ==
▲* [[List of grandmasters for chess composition]]
==External links==
* http://www.arves.org/Biografie.htm - ''Biographical and other data on Endgamestudy composers.''
{{Persondata <!-- Metadata: see [[Wikipedia:Persondata]]. -->
| NAME = Composer, Chess
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES =
| SHORT DESCRIPTION =
| DATE OF BIRTH =
| PLACE OF BIRTH =
| DATE OF DEATH =
| PLACE OF DEATH =
}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Composer, Chess}}
[[Category:Chess composers| ]]
{{chess-bio-stub}}
[[ca:Compositor d'escacs]]
[[es:Compositor de ajedrez]]
[[es:Escuelas de composición (ajedrez)]]
[[fr:Problémiste]]
[[ru:Шахматный композитор]]
[[uk:Шаховий композитор]]
| 