Coltello: differenze tra le versioni
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Riga 17:
====Materiali====
Le lame dei coltelli sono normalmente di [[acciaio]]. Tutto l'acciaio per coltell è temprato, ossia [[martensite]] costituita da una struttura cristallina molto fine con irregolarità del [[reticolo cristallino]] che indurisce il materiale. Si forma per rapido raffreddamento in acqua od olio di acciaio portato ad alta temperatura; a queste temperature l'acciaio assume la struttura cristallina [[austenite|austenitica]] e, per effetto del rapido raffreddamento passa alla struttura martensitica, molto dura ma fragile. Per ridurne la fragilità, la lama viene sottoposta al processo di [[distensione]] che consiste nel riscaldare nuovamente la lama ad una temperatura inferiore a quella di tempra per un tempo adeguato e raffreddandola in maniera meno violenta.
[[Stainless steel]] knives have gained popularity in the latter half of the twentieth century. Stainless steel is steel with very high (12–18%) [[chromium]] content — stainless knife steels are high in carbon, but "carbon steel" means there is not also a lot of chromium. Stainless steel is highly resistant to [[corrosion]] (though knife steel is less so than higher nickel stainless steel) because, except in acid, one of the metals or one of the oxides is always stable Stainless steel knives usually only rust under extreme conditions. Stainless steel usually has particles of chromium (or other alloy metal) carbides. These explain its reputation for long wear (the carbides are harder than the metal) and for being harder to sharpen and not taking as good an edge as rustable, low alloy ("carbon") steel (the ceramic particles themselves cannot be sharpened easily.), although tests indicate that stainless steel knives hold an edge better than regular steels.<ref>by Razor Edge Systems, described in their book "The Razor Edge Book of Sharpening".</ref> The bulk hardness and toughness of stainless steel tend to be lower than those of low alloy steel. Stainless and semi-stainless steels include D2, S30V, 154CM, ATS-34, and 440C.
Riga 25:
Vanadium and molybdenum are important alloy metals because they make the grain size smaller, which improves hardness and toughness. Vanadium, and perhaps molybdenum, also increase corrosion resistance, although work by CATRA ( the World's cutlery technology centre) has found no corrosion benefits from vanadium.
Alcuni fabbricanti, in particolare di coltelli per cucina, producono lame in [[ceramica]]; tali lame si caratterizzano per una maggiore durezza Some manufacturers, particularly of kitchen knives, make ceramic blades; these are harder and stay sharp longer, but because of their brittleness, chip and break more readily.
====Disegno====
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