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[[File:Internal temperature distribution in a particle.png|thumb|An internal temperature distribution for a spherical particle versus radius and time under a time-varying [[heat flux]].]]▼
The '''extended discrete element method''' (XDEM) is a numerical technique that extends the dynamics of granular material or particles as described through the classical [[discrete element method]] (DEM) (Cundall<ref>{{cite journal
| first1=P. A.
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| publisher=Claredon Press Oxford
| year=1990}}</ref>) by additional properties such as the [[thermodynamic]] state, [[stress]]/[[strain]] or [[electro-magnetic]] field for each particle. Contrary to a [[continuum mechanics]] concept, the XDEM aims at resolving the particulate phase with its various processes attached to the particles. While the discrete element method predicts position and orientation in space and time for each particle, the extended discrete element method additionally estimates properties such as internal [[temperature]] and/or [[species]] distribution or mechanical impact with structures.
▲[[File:Internal temperature distribution in a particle.png|thumb|An internal temperature distribution for a spherical particle versus radius and time under a time-varying [[heat flux]].]]
==History==
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