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The potential function itself commonly takes the form of a sum:
:<math>H(x_1,x_2,\dots) = \sum_s
where the sum over ''s'' is a sum over some subset of the [[power set]] ''P''(''X'') of the set <math>X=\lbrace x_1,x_2,\dots \rbrace</math>. For example, in [[statistical mechanics]], such as the [[Ising model]], the sum is over pairs of nearest neighbors. In probability theory, such as [[Markov networks]], the sum might be over the [[clique (graph theory)|cliques]] of a graph; so, for the Ising model and other [[lattice model (physics)|lattice models]], the maximal cliques are edges.
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