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:{{main|Sample Analysis at Mars}}
* '''Radiation assessment detector (RAD):''' This instrument was the first of ten MSL instruments to be turned on. On the route to Mars and while working on its surface, it will characterize the broad spectrum of radiation environment found inside the spacecraft. These measurements were never done before from the inside of a spacecraft and their main purpose is to determine the viability and shielding needs for human explorers.<ref name="MSLRAD">{{cite web |url=http://www.boulder.swri.edu/~hassler/rad/ |title=SwRI Radiation Assessment Detector (RAD) Homepage |publisher=Southwest Research Institute |accessdate=January 19, 2011 }}</ref> Funded by the Exploration Systems Mission Directorate at NASA Headquarters and Germany, RAD was developed by [[Southwest Research Institute]] (SwRI) and the extraterrestrial physics group at [[University of Kiel|Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel]], Germany.<ref name="MSLRAD"/>
* '''Dynamic Albedo of Neutrons (DAN):''' A pulsed [[neutron source]] and detector for measuring [[hydrogen]] or ice and water at or near the Martian surface, provided by the [[Russian Federal Space Agency]],<ref name="MSLDAN">{{cite web |url=http://msl-scicorner.jpl.nasa.gov/Instruments/DAN/ |title=MSL Science Corner: Dynamic Albedo of Neutrons (DAN) |publisher=NASA/JPL |accessdate=September 9, 2009}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | doi =10.1089/ast.2007.0157 | title =The Dynamic Albedo of Neutrons (DAN) Experiment for NASA's 2009 Mars Science Laboratory | year =2008 | last1 =Litvak | first1 =M.L. | last2 =Mitrofanov | first2 =I.G. | last3 =Barmakov | first3 =Yu.N. | last4 =Behar | first4 =A. | last5 =Bitulev | first5 =A. | last6 =Bobrovnitsky | first6 =Yu. | last7 =Bogolubov | first7 =E.P. | last8 =Boynton | first8 =W.V. | last9 =Bragin | first9 =S.I. | journal =Astrobiology | volume =8 | issue =3 | pages =605–12 | pmid =18598140|bibcode = 2008AsBio...8..605L }}</ref> and funded by [[Russia]].<ref>[http://mars.jpl.nasa.gov/msl/mission/instruments/radiationdetectors/dan/ MSL Science Corner - Dynamic Albedo of Neutrons (DAN)]</ref>
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