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==Identità collettiva degli Old English==
Gli storici sono in disaccordo su cosa indicare con comunità degli Old English nel corso del tempo e come definire il senso di identiàidentità comune di questa comunitacomunità.
Lo storico Irlandese [[Edward MacLysaght]] opera una distinzione nel suo libro sui cognomi Irlandesi tra cognomi '[[Hiberno-Normanni]]' e cognomi '[[Anglo-Normanni]]'. ThisLa sumsdistinzione upriassume thela fundamentalfondamentale differencedifferenza betweentra "Queen'si English Rebels"Ribelli andInglesi alla Regina" theed Loyali Liegeslealisti. TheI GeraldinesGeraldine ofdella [[countycontea di Desmond|Desmond]], forper instanceesempio, couldnon notpossono accuratelyessere beannoverati described ascome "Old English" asperchè thatquello wasnon notera theiril politicalloro andmondo culturalpolitico worlde culturale. TheI ButlersButler ofdi Ormond, ond'altra the other hand couldparte, notnon accuratelypossono beessere described asdefiniti 'Hiberno-NormanNormanni' ina theircausa politicaldel outlookloro andpunto alliancesdi vista politico e delle loro alleanze, especiallysoprattutto afterin theyseguito marrieddelle intoloro theunioni Englishmatrimoniali con la famiglia royalreale familyInglese.
Alcuni storici parlano ora di "[[Cambro-Normanni]]", e Seán Duffy del [[Trinity College]] di [[Dublino]] usa quel termine piuttosto che il fuorviante "Anglo-Normanni" (gran parte dei Normanni provenivano dal Galles e non dall'Inghilterra).
Some historians now refer to them as "[[Cambro-Norman]]s", and Seán Duffy of [[Trinity College, Dublin]] invariably uses that term rather than the misleading "Anglo-Norman" (most Normans came via Wales, not England), but after many centuries here and just a century in Wales or England it seems quite odd that their entire history since 1169 is now known by a description, Old English, which only came in the late sixteenth century.
Il primo riferimento noto al termine "Old English" risale al [[1580]]. La comunità Normanna èrecedente alla comunità degli Old English si definiva con diversi epiteti ma fu solo come risultato della crisi del 1580 che emerse una comunità di Old English.
The earliest known reference to the term, "Old English" community is in the 1580s (Nicholas Canny, Irealnd, from Reformation to Restoration). The community of Norman descent prior to then used numerous epithets to describe themselves but it was only as a result of the political crisis of the 1580s that an the Old English community emerged. Some contend it is ahistorical to trace a single "Old English" community back to 1169 as the real Old English community was a product of the late sixteenth century in the Pale. Until then identity was much more fluid; it was the administration's policies which created an oppositional and clearly defined Old English community.
[[Brendan Bradshaw]], nel suo studio sulla poesia del tardo XVI secolo, sottolinea che fra gli Irlandesi i Normanni erano chiamati ''Seanghaill'' ("Antichi Stranieri") ma anche ''Fionnghaill'' e ''Dubhghaill''. Egli afferma in una delle sue letture al [[Mícheál Ó Cléirigh Institute]] che i poeti si riferivano a quel ramo dei Normanni che erano stati completamente hibernizzati con l'epiteto di ''Seanghaill'' con lo scopo di garantire loro una futura memoria più duratura rispetto ai Fionnghaill (Vichinghi Norvegesi) e ai Dubhghaill (Vichinghi Danesi).
[[Brendan Bradshaw]], in his study of the poetry of late sixteenth century Tír Chónaill, points out that in the Irish the Normans were not called ''Seanghaill'' ("Old Foreigners") there but rather they were called ''Fionnghaill'' and ''Dubhghaill''. He argued in a lecture to the [[Mícheál Ó Cléirigh]] Institute in [[University College, Dublin]] that the poets referred to those of Norman stock who were completely hibernicised thus with the purpose of granting them a longer vintage in Ireland that they had (Fionnghaill- Norwegian vikings; Dubhghaill= Danish vikings). This follows on from his earlier arguments that the term ''Éireannaigh'' as we currently know it also emerged during this period in the poetry books of the Uí Bhroin of Wicklow as a sign of unity between Gaeil and Gaill; he viewed it as a sign of an emerging [[Irish nationalism]]. Breandán Ó Buachalla essentially agreed with him, Tom Dunne and Tom Bartlett were less sure.
[[Categoria:Storia d'Irlanda]]
[[Categoai:Storia d'Inghilterra]]
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