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The lemniscate sine and cosine functions ''sl'' and ''cl'' are analogues of the usual sine and cosine functions, with a circle replaced by a lemniscate. They are defined by
:<math>sl(
where
:<math>
and
:<math>cl(r)=c</math>
:<math> r=\int_c^1\frac{dt}{\sqrt{1-t^4}}</math>
They are doubly periodic (or elliptic) functions in the complex plane.
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