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m WP:CHECKWIKI error #61 fix and general fixes, References after punctuation per WP:CITEFOOT and WP:PAIC using AWB (8463) |
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Triad is one of the earliest and simplest solutions to the spacecraft attitude determination problem,<ref>{{cite journal|last=Black|first=Harold|title=A Passive System for Determining the Attitude of a Satellite|journal=AIAA Journal|month = July|year=1964|volume=2|issue=7|pages=1350–1351|doi=10.2514/3.2555|bibcode = 1964AIAAJ...2.1350. }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|last=Black|first=Harold|title=Early Developments of Transit, the Navy Navigation Satellite System|journal=Journal of Guidance, Control and Dynamics|year=1990|month=July-Aug|volume=13|issue=4|pages=577–585|doi=10.2514/3.25373}}</ref> due to Harold Black. Black played a key role in the development of the guidance, navigation and control of the U.S. Navy's Transit satellite system at Johns Hopkins Applied Physics Laboratories. As evident from the literature, TRIAD represents the state of practice in spacecraft attitude determination, well before the advent of the [[Wahba's problem]] <ref>{{cite journal|last=Wahba|first=Grace|title=A Least Squares Estimate of Satellite Attitude, Problem 65.1|journal=SIAM Review|year=1966|month=July|pages=385–386}}</ref> and its several optimal solutions. Given the knowledge of two vectors in the reference and body coordinates of a satellite, the TRIAD algorithm obtains the direction cosine matrix relating both frames. Covariance analysis for Black's classical solution was subsequently provided by Markley.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Markley|first=Landis|title=Attitude Determination Using Vector Observations: A Fast Optimal Matrix Algorithm|journal=The Journal of Astronautical Sciences|year=1993|month=
==Summary==
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