Functional discourse grammar: Difference between revisions

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'''Functional grammar''' ('''FG''') and '''functional discourse grammar''' ('''FDG''') are [[grammar]] models and theories motivated by [[functional theories of grammar]]. These theories explain how [[Natural language|linguistic]] utterances are shaped, based on the goals and knowledge of natural language users. In doing so, it contrasts with Chomskyan [[transformational grammar]]. Functional discourse grammar has been developed as a successor to functional grammar, attempting to be more psychologically and pragmatically adequate than functional grammar.<ref name="Hengeveld2008">{{cite book|first1=Kees|last1=Hengeveld|first2=J. Lachlan|last2=Mackenzie|date=August, 2008|title=Functional Discourse Grammar: A Typologically-Based Theory of Language Structure|___location=Oxford|publisher=Oxford University Press|ISBN=978-0-19-927811-4|url=http://www.oup.com/uk/catalogue/?ci=9780199278114}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|series=Linguistic Insights, Studies in Language and Communication|volume=26|editor-last=Mackenzie, J. Lachlan / Gómez-González, María de los Ángeles|title=Studies in Functional Discourse Grammar|publisher=Peter Lang Publishing Group|dateyear=2005|ISBN=978-3-03910-696-7|url=http://www.peterlang.com/Index.cfm?vID=10696&vLang=E}}</ref>.

The top-level unit of analysis in functional discourse grammar is the [[discourse]] move, not the [[Sentence (linguistics)|sentence]] or the [[clause]]. This is a principle that sets functional discourse grammar apart from many other [[linguistics|linguistic]] theories, including its predecessor functional grammar.

== History ==

Functional grammar (FG) is a model of [[grammar]] motivated by [[Functional theories of grammar|functions]].<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Hurford|first1=J|dateyear=1990|title=Nativist and functional explanations in language acquisition|work=Logical Issues in Language Acquisition|editor-last=Roca|editor-first=I. M|pages=85–136|___location=Foris, Dordrecht|url=http://www.isrl.uiuc.edu/~amag/langev/paper/hurford90nativist.html}}</ref>. The model was originally developed by [[Simon C. Dik]] at the [[University of Amsterdam]] in the 1970s,<ref>{{cite book|last=Dik|first=Simon C.|title=The Theory of functional grammar, Parts 1 & 2|edition=1|dateyear=1989}}</ref>, and has undergone several revisions since then. The latest standard version under the original name is laid out in the 1997 edition,<ref>{{cite book|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=qeMLE_5uvHcC&dq=theory+of+functional+grammar&lr=&source=gbs_summary_s&cad=0|last=Dik|first=Simon C.|dateyear=1997|title=The Theory of Functional Grammar, Part 1: The Structure of the Clause|edition=2|___location=Berlin|publisher=Mouton de Gruyter. ISBN 3-11-015539-7|ISBN=3-11-015404-8}}</ref>, published shortly after Dik's death. The latest version features the expansion of the model with a pragmatic/interpersonal module by [[Kees Hengeveld]] and [[Lachlan Mackenzie]].<ref name="Hengeveld2008" />. This has led to a renaming of the theory to functional discourse grammar. This type of grammar is quite distinct from [[systemic functional grammar]] as developed by [[Michael Halliday]] and many other linguists since the 1970s.

The notion of "function" in FG generalizes the standard distinction of [[grammatical function]]s such as [[grammatical subject|subject]] and [[grammatical object|object]]. Constituents ([[parts of speech]]) of a linguistic [[utterance]] are assigned three types or levels of functions:

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Functional discourse grammar explains the phonology, morphosyntax, pragmatics and semantics in one linguistic theory. According to functional discourse grammar, linguistic utterances are built top-down in this order by deciding upon:

# The [[Pragmatics| pragmatic]] aspects of the utterance

# The [[Semantics| semantic]] aspects of the utterance

# The [[Morphosyntax| morphosyntactic]] aspects of the utterance

# The [[Phonology| phonological]] aspects of the utterance

According to functional discourse grammar, four components are involved in building up an utterance:

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[[Category:Grammar frameworks]]

[[de:Functional Discourse Grammar]]

[[bn:ক্রিয়াবাদী ভাষাবিজ্ঞান]]

[[de:Functional Discourse Grammar]]

[[de:Functional Grammar]]

[[es:Gramática funcional]]