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Bernard de Montfaucon nacque il 13 gennaio 1655 nel castello di Soulatgé, un paesino nell'attuale dipartimento dell' [[Aude]]. Ma quando aveva un anno fu portato al castello di [[Roquetaillade]], residenza abituale della sua famiglia. A sette anni fu mandato a [[Limoux]] nel collegio dei Padri della Dottrina Cristiana.

Montfaucon servedservì innell'esecito thefrancese Frenche armypartecipò as volunteer and participated in thealla [[Franco-DutchGuerra Ward'Olanda]] indel 1673. HeFu wascapitano anei captaingranatieri ofe grenadiersfece anddue madecampagne twoagli campaignsordini under the orders ofdi [[Turenne]], participatedparticipò inalla theBattaglia [[Battle ofdi Marienthal]] ande fellsi illammalò innella [[Saverne]] (in [[AlsaceAlsazia]]). BecauseA ofcausa hisdi infectiousquesta illnessmalattia heinfettiva madefece avoto vowalla toMadonna Notre-Dame ofdi Marceille, todi givedonare onecento hundred ''[[FrenchLira livretornese|livretornesi]]s'' toalla hercappella chapeldella andstessa toe becomedi afarsi Benedictine,monaco ifbenedettino hese wasfosse to go back to his country,tornato assano ae resultsalvo ofal hersuo interventionpaese.

Dopo la morte del padre prese l'abito benedettino nel [[1675]], nel monastero di Bream a [[Tolosa]]; dove potè studiare varie lingue antiche: [[Lingua greca|greco]], [[Lingua ebraica|ebraico]], [[Lingua aramaica|caldeo]], [[Lingua siriaca|siriaco]] e [[Lingua copta|copto]].

After the death of his father in the [[Roquetaillade|Château de Roquetaillade]], he took the [[Benedictine]] habit in 1675, in the monastery of Bream in [[Toulouse]]; there he learned several ancient languages: Greek, Hebrew, Chaldean, [[Syriac language|Syriac]], and [[Coptic language|Coptic]].

InNel [[1687]] Montfaucon wasfu calledchiamato to theall' [[AbbeyAbbazia ofdi Saint-Germain-des-Prés]] and he started to work ondove ancominciò editiona oflavorare thesull'edizione worksdelle ofopere thedei GreekPadri Churchdella FathersChiesa.

In 1705 he examined and described the manuscripts of the [[Fonds Coislin]], in ''Bibliotheca Coisliniana'' (Paris, 1705). In 1708 in ''Palaeographia Graeca'' Montfaucon became the first to use the term "palaeography".<ref>Bernard de Montfaucon et al., ''Palaeographia Graeca, sive, De ortu et progressu literarum graecarum'', Paris, Ludovicum Guerin (1708); André Vauchez, Richard Barrie Dobson, Adrian Walford, Michael Lapidge, [http://books.google.pl/books?id=om4olQhrE84C&pg=PA1070&lpg=PA1070&dq=#v=onepage&q&f=false ''Encyclopedia of the Middle Ages''] (Routledge, 2000), Volume 2, p. 1070</ref> The work illustrates the entire history of Greek writing. It contains Montfaucon's discussions of variations in Greek letter forms, the use of abbreviations in Greek manuscripts, and the process of deciphering archaic writing. It was Montfaucon's special interest. In this work he often cited Greek manuscripts in texts of [[Athanasius of Alexandria]], [[Origen]], and [[John Chrysostom]].<ref>[http://library.wustl.edu/units/spec/rarebooks/semeiology/palaeography.html ''Books on Palaeography from the Arnold Semeiology Collection'']</ref> The book dealt so comprehensively with the handwriting and other characteristics of Greek manuscripts that it remained the leading authority on the subject for almost two centuries.<ref>Bernhard Bischoff, [http://books.google.pl/books?id=eEmsSZ054L8C&pg=PA1&lpg=PA1&dq=#v=onepage&q&f=false ''Latin palaeography: antiquity and the Middle Ages''] (Cambridge University Press, 1990), p. 1.</ref>