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Dopo la morte del padre prese l'abito benedettino nel [[1675]], nel monastero di Bream a [[Tolosa]]; dove potè studiare varie lingue antiche: [[Lingua greca|greco]], [[Lingua ebraica|ebraico]], [[Lingua aramaica|caldeo]], [[Lingua siriaca|siriaco]] e [[Lingua copta|copto]].
Nel [[1687]] Montfaucon fu chiamato all' [[Abbazia di Saint-Germain-des-Prés]] dove cominciò a lavorare sullall'edizione delle opere dei Padri della Chiesa.
Nel [[1705]] esaminò e descrisse i manoscritti del [[Fonds Coislin]], in ''Bibliotheca Coisliniana'' (Paris, 1705).
In 1705 he examined and described the manuscripts of the [[Fonds Coislin]], in ''Bibliotheca Coisliniana'' (Paris, 1705). In 1708 in ''Palaeographia Graeca'' Montfaucon became the first to use the term "palaeography".<ref>Bernard de Montfaucon et al., ''Palaeographia Graeca, sive, De ortu et progressu literarum graecarum'', Paris, Ludovicum Guerin (1708); André Vauchez, Richard Barrie Dobson, Adrian Walford, Michael Lapidge, [http://books.google.pl/books?id=om4olQhrE84C&pg=PA1070&lpg=PA1070&dq=#v=onepage&q&f=false ''Encyclopedia of the Middle Ages''] (Routledge, 2000), Volume 2, p. 1070</ref> The work illustrates the entire history of Greek writing. It contains Montfaucon's discussions of variations in Greek letter forms, the use of abbreviations in Greek manuscripts, and the process of deciphering archaic writing. It was Montfaucon's special interest. In this work he often cited Greek manuscripts in texts of [[Athanasius of Alexandria]], [[Origen]], and [[John Chrysostom]].<ref>[http://library.wustl.edu/units/spec/rarebooks/semeiology/palaeography.html ''Books on Palaeography from the Arnold Semeiology Collection'']</ref> The book dealt so comprehensively with the handwriting and other characteristics of Greek manuscripts that it remained the leading authority on the subject for almost two centuries.<ref>Bernhard Bischoff, [http://books.google.pl/books?id=eEmsSZ054L8C&pg=PA1&lpg=PA1&dq=#v=onepage&q&f=false ''Latin palaeography: antiquity and the Middle Ages''] (Cambridge University Press, 1990), p. 1.</ref>
In 1714 Montfaucon published the fragments of ''[[Hexapla]]'' of [[Origen]].<ref name="Bouillet">"Bernard de Montfaucon", in Marie-Nicolas Bouillet and Alexis Chassang (eds.), ''Dictionnaire universel d'histoire et de géographie'', 1878.</ref>
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