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La comprensione dell'architettura antica fa dei progressi determinanti, soprattutto con la avec la publication à partir de 1719 par Bernard de Montfaucon de ''L'Antiquité expliquée et représentée en figures''<ref>[http://www.ub.uni-heidelberg.de/helios/fachinfo/www/arch/digilit/montfaucon.html L'Antiquité expliquée et représentée en figures] sur le site de la [http://www.uni-heidelberg.de/index.html Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg]</ref> en 19 volumes qui présente pour la première fois l'antiquité grecque et l'antiquité romaine en commun. C'est durant cette période ([[1723]]) qu'il explore le site d'[[Olympie]] avec l'archevêque de [[Corfou]].
He published 15 volumes of ''L'antiquité expliquée et représentée en figures'' between 1719 and 1724. An English translation of this work was published in 1721–25 under the title ''Antiquity Explained and Represented in Diagrams''. The work contained [[intaglio printing|copperplate]] folio engravings of classical antiquities. It included a depiction of the "Barberini Vase", more commonly known as the "[[Portland Vase]]". This book is published in English under the title ''Antiquities''.<ref>{{BBKL|m/montfaucon|band=6|autor= Georgios Fatouros|artikel=Montfaucon, Bernard de|spalten=92-94}}</ref> The materials used in this work were taken from the manuscripts deposited in French libraries. It contains many illustrative facsimiles, though they are engraved in a rather coarse way.
Present scholars agree that he created a new discipline, palaeography, and presented it in a perfected way.<ref>W. Wattenbach, [http://www.archive.org/stream/anleitungzurgri00wattgoog#page/n11/mode/2up ''Anleitung zur griechischen Palaeographie''] (Leipzig 1895), p. 4.</ref><ref>[[Bruce M. Metzger]], ''Manuscripts of the Greek Bible: An Introduction to Greek Palaeography'' (Oxford University Press, 1991), p. 1.</ref>
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