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Web pages are typically [[HTML]] or [[XHTML]] documents. Both types of documents consist, at a fundamental level, of [[character (computing)|character]]s, which are [[grapheme]]s and grapheme-like units, independent of how they manifest in [[computer storage]] systems and [[computer network|network]]s.
An HTML document is a sequence of Unicode characters. More specifically, HTML 4.0 documents are required to consist of characters in the HTML ''document character set'' : a character repertoire wherein each character is assigned a unique, non-negative integer ''code point''. This set is defined in the HTML 4.0 [[Document Type Definition|DTD]], which also establishes the syntax (allowable sequences of characters) that can produce a valid HTML document. The HTML document character set for HTML 4.0 consists of most, but not all, of the characters jointly defined by [[Unicode]] and ISO/IEC 10646: the [[Universal Character Set]] (UCS).
Like HTML documents, an XHTML document is a sequence of Unicode characters. However, an XHTML document is an [[XML]] document, which, while not having an explicit "document character" layer of [[abstraction]], nevertheless relies upon a similar definition of permissible characters that cover most, but not all, of the Unicode/UCS character definitions. The sets used by HTML and XHTML/XML are slightly different, but these differences have little effect on the average document author.
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