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== History ==
The fundamental concept of '''network coding''' was introduced for satellite communication networks in a paper by [http://www.ie.cuhk.edu.hk/index.php?id=99 '''R. W. Yeung'''] and [http://commsci.usc.edu/faculty/zhang.html '''Z. Zhang'''], "Distributed Source Coding for Satellite Communications" (IEEE Transactions on Information Theory, IT-45, pp. 1111-1120. 1999). The concept was fully developed in a subsequent paper by [http://www.mathematik.uni-bielefeld.de/ahlswede/homepage/ '''R. Ahlswede'''], N. Cai, [http://www.ie.cuhk.edu.hk/index.php?id=87 '''S.-Y. R. Li'''], and [http://www.ie.cuhk.edu.hk/index.php?id=99 '''R. W. Yeung'''], "Network Information Flow" (IEEE Transactions on Information Theory, IT-46, pp. 1204-1216, 2000), where the term `network coding' was coined. In this paper, the advantage of network coding over routing, the traditional way of operating a network, was pointed out for the first time by means of a very simple example known as the butterfly network.
== Applications ==
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