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== Program refinement ==
In [[formal methods]], '''program refinement''' is the [[formal verification|verifiable]] transformation of an ''abstract'' (high-level) [[formal specification]] into a ''concrete'' (low-level) [[executable program]].{{fact|date=September 2010}} ''[[Stepwise refinement]]'' allows this process to be done in stages. Logically, refinement normally involves [[logical consequence|implication]], but there can be additional complications.
== Data refinement ==
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