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The concepts themselves arose at a late stage in the development of Freud's thought: the "structural model" (which succeeded his "economic model" and "topographical model") was first discussed in his 1920 essay "''[[Beyond the Pleasure Principle]]''" and was formalized and elaborated upon three years later in his "''[[The Ego and the Id]]''". Freud's proposal was influenced by the ambiguity of the term "[[Unconscious mind|unconscious]]" and its many conflicting uses.
== IDId ==
The IDid is the unorganized part of the personality structure that contains a human's basic, instinctual drives. IDId is the only component of personality that is present from birth.<ref>http://psychology.about.com/od/theoriesofpersonality/a/personalityelem.htm</ref> The IDid is the part of the mind containing the drives present at birth; it is the source of our bodily needs, wants, desires, and impulses, particularly our sexual and aggressive drives. The IDid operates according to the pleasure principle, the psychic force that motivates the tendency to seek immediate gratification of any impulse.<ref>{{cite book|last=Schacter|first=Daniel|title=Psychology Second Edition|year=2009|publisher=Worth Publishers|___location=United States of America|isbn=13:978-1-4292-3719-2|page=481}}</ref> The IDid contains the libido, which is the primary source of instinctual force that is unresponsive to the demands of reality.<ref name="Carlson">Carlson, N. R. (19992000). Personality. Psychology: the science of behaviour (Canandian ed., p. 453). Scarborough, Ont.: Allyn and Bacon Canada.</ref> The IDid acts according to the "[[Pleasure principle (psychology)|pleasure principle]]", seeking to avoid pain or unpleasure (not 'displeasure') aroused by increases in instinctual tension.<ref name="Rycroft">{{cite book
| last = Rycroft
| first = Charles
| title = A Critical Dictionary of Psychoanalysis
| publisher = [[Basic Books]]
| year = 1968 }}</ref> If the mind was solely guided by the IDid, individuals would find it difficult to wait patiently at a restaurant, while feeling hungry, and would most likely grab food off of neighbouring tables <ref>{{cite book|last=Schacter|first=Daniel|title=Psychology Second Edition|year=2009|publisher=Worth Publishers|___location=United States of America|page=481}}</ref>
According to Freud the IDid is unconscious by definition:
{{quote|"It is the dark, inaccessible part of our personality, what little we know of it we have learned from our study of the [[Dreamwork]] and of the construction of neurotic symptoms, and most of that is of a negative character and can be described only as a contrast to the ego. We approach the id with analogies: we call it a chaos, a cauldron full of seething excitations.... It is filled with energy reaching it from the instincts, but it has no organization, produces no collective will, but only a striving to bring about the satisfaction of the instinctual needs subject to the observance of the pleasure principle."<ref>Sigmund Freud, ''New Introductory Lectures on Psychoanalysis''[1933] (Penguin Freud Library 2) p. 105-6</ref>}} In the id,
{{quote|"contrary impulses exist side by side, without cancelling each other out.... There is nothing in the id that could be compared with negation ... nothing in the IDid which corresponds to the idea of time."<ref>Freud, ''New Introductory Lectures'' p. 106</ref>}}
Developmentally, the IDid precedes the ego; i.e. the psychic apparatus begins, at birth, as an undifferentiated IDid, part of which then develops into a structured ego. Thus, the IDid:
{{quote|"... contains everything that is inherited, that is present at birth, is laid down in the constitution — above all, therefore, the instincts, which originate from the somatic organization, and which find a first psychical expression here (in the id) in forms unknown to us." <ref>Freud, ''An Outline of Psycho-analysis'' (1940)</ref>}}
The mind of a newborn child is regarded as completely "IDid-ridden", in the sense that it is a mass of instinctive drives and impulses, and needs immediate satisfaction, a view which equates a newborn child with an IDid-ridden individual—often humorously—with this analogy: an [[alimentary]] tract with no sense of responsibility at either end, paraphrasing a quip made by former U.S. President Ronald Reagan during his 1965 campaign for Governor of California in which he compared government to a baby.<ref>''[[The New York Times]], November 14, 1965, p. 174</ref>
The id "knows no judgements of value: no good and evil, no morality.... Instinctual cathexes seeking discharge — that, in our view, is all there is in the IDid."<ref>Freud, ''New Introductory Lectures'' p. 107</ref> It is regarded as "the great reservoir of [[libido]]",<ref>Sigmund Freud, "The Ego and the IDId", ''On Metapsychology'' (Penguin Freud Library 11)p. 369n</ref> the instinctive drive to create — the life instincts that are crucial to pleasurable survival. Alongside the life instincts came the death instincts — the [[death drive]] which Freud articulated relatively late in his career in "the hypothesis of a ''death instinct'', the task of which is to lead organic life back into the inanimate state."<ref>Freud, ''On Metapsychology'' p. 380</ref> For Freud, "the death instinct would thus seem to express itself — though probably only in part — as an ''instinct of destruction'' directed against the external world and other organisms":<ref>Freud, ''On Metapsychology'' p. 381</ref> through aggression. Freud considered that "the IDid, the whole person ... originally includes all the instinctual impulses ... the destructive instinct as well."<ref>Freud, ''New Introductory Lectures'' p. 138</ref> as [[Eros]] or the life instincts.
== Ego ==
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